第三十七章 超导态与材料工艺(1 / 2)

常温超导材料的制备也没有魏来跟领导说的那么简单。

超导体的发现源于1911年,荷兰科学家卡末林·昂内斯用液氦冷却汞,当温度下降到4.2K(﹣268.95℃)时,水银的电阻完全消失,这种现象称为超导电性,超导现象就此被发现。

超导体按材料可以分为第一类超导体和第二类超导体,按解释理论可分为传统超导体和非传统超导体、按临界温度可分为高温超导体和低温超导体,按材料可分为化学材料超导体和有机超导体。

百年时间的发展,我们对高温超导体的临界温度不断刷新与突破,BCS理论也很好的解释了传统超导体的超导现象。

超导现象是一个广泛的概念,要判断一个材料是否超导体,必须同时具有零电阻效应和完全抗磁性两大特征,电阻不降到零或抗磁性很差都不能100%断定是超导。

超导就是温度低于一定值之后,电阻消失,磁场被排出超导体体内。温度是超导体形成的关键要素。每种物质都有一个特定的温度,在这个温度以上,无论怎样增大压强,气态物质不会液化,这个温度就是临界温度。

而相对于最开始发现的水银超导态的温度要求,4.2K的温度条件显然相对于我们的使用限制极大。

零电阻和抗磁性的特性的广泛应用前景,人们开始了高温超导的探索之路。这里的高温相比对的是绝对零度,也就是0K温度,-273.15℃。

材料科技的重要性不言而喻,常温常压的条件才是各种材料符合应用目标的前提。

实践是检验真理的唯一标准。

正如远古人类在还不会使用火的时候得到了闪电起火赐予的烤肉一般,魏来得到了常温超导材料的制备方法。

在没有相应理论基础的情况下,相关理论的拓展研究和制备难度远远高出了魏来的想象。

不过特性的应用仍然为理论基础的建设带来了巨大的价值,在常温常压下的超导态的保持,非传统超导体的制备就在这样的情况下展开了。

超导材料的诞生也并不是凭空诞生的,而是通过技术手段将超导态的物质在常温常压下进行使用和保持。所有具有超导特性的材料都称为之超导材料,这也给了魏来和科研团队更多的实验方向。

魏来的制备方法借由不同金属与生物基涂料的合成,通过催化剂以及特定温度和气压进行材料合成,得到常温常压下的超导合金。

整个科研团队对此仍然一头雾水。因为超导理论的混乱和不完善,这样一种新型合金的应用更是无从谈起,魏来带领着这支专门的科研团队要进行的工作还有很多。

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