273.勇于变革农国策(2 / 2)
史路冲天
错河达旺
1154 字
2022-04-21
弃的封地在太白,他的子孙们也个个重视农业,他的后裔公刘迁居豳(bin)地,更加努力劝课农桑,《诗经.豳风.七月》就详细描绘了周国农业生产的盛况:“七月流火,九月授衣。六月食郁及薁,七月亨葵及菽。八月剥枣,十月获稻。为此春酒,以介眉寿。七月食瓜,八月断壶,九月叔苴,采荼薪樗。食我农夫。”这里可以看到农夫们不错的生活,自己土地上产出的作物,自己可以享用,也就是说,周国的土地上,出现了最初的“农民”。
《七月》中还有这样的句子:“言私其豵,献豜于公。”这句话的意思是,打猎打到小猪,就归自己享用,打到大猪,那就送给君主。这里明明白白地出现了地主收租的意思,这在殷商是难以想象的事情。这已经超出了奴隶和奴隶主的关系,统治者能够让利于民,难怪有商一代百姓会用跑了。
在周国后代古公亶父的时候,周国极为弱小,几度被犬戎打得到处流窜,几如丧家之犬,最终在太白岐山这个小地方定居,但是各地的自由民和奴隶都来投奔他,自愿为他种地,说明他姬家的仁政很得人心,人民能够得到好处,自然就拥护你了。
到了周文王的时候,改革更是大刀阔斧了,他开始划分田地,分公田和私田,八家各分得私田百亩,私田所得,悉归自己所有,大小官员都有封地,子孙可以继承,农民则耕种公田,纳九分之一的租税。这就是封建的雏形了,自由民不用担心自己的劳动所得被掠夺,而既得利益者也不用担心自己的财产被大奴隶主和国家侵吞。那么西岐和殷商相比,自然就是先进的国家和制度了。
所以才会有牧野之战时,商纣王的奴隶大军临阵倒戈的事件发生。这是一场人民对奴隶的胜利。所以周灭商这一战,本质上堪比霉梨国南北战争,因为他们都解放了生产力。
并且西周长期处于犬戎等战斗民族的包围之中,兵戈不断,导致农民们兵农合一,民风勇武、淳朴而善战,少了商人的狡诈和机心,打起仗来更加团结,人人勇于公战,耻于私斗。
所以殷商文明虽胜,制度却落后了一大截,而殷商文明培养出的商人和技术工匠重利的思想更是使得投机者大增,所以这一切都让大周自主的选择了农业立国的要求,一是解放生产力,二是防范商人,但即使是这样,也有齐人重商的传统保留下来。
齐鲁号称是道德之邦,但最根本的原因就在于衣食足、仓廪实,所以才有了功夫研究礼乐等内容。
许乐把这篇文章写完之后,都已经到了八点!
他想了想下午的演讲,到底要讲什么,刚刚在电脑上敲了一个题目《勇于自我变革,赢得历史主动》,电话响了!
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