第1175节 大明大改(2 / 2)

原本这些工场、作坊都在南京,成祖迁都后大半迁往北京,甲申变起,南京工场激增,有上万官匠,最初还是TJ管,之后陆续交给户部,最后朝廷宣布裁撤官办工场、作坊,所有的官匠都放归自由,列入民籍。

有些官员担心原官匠没了他们照顾会活不下去,事实上工匠们普遍生活得很好,大明的基建投资让他们得到了大量的工作,不愁养不活自己和家人。

次辅杨天生如是说:“我们要做的,就是给他们机会,领袖曾言我们中国人是世界上最勤劳的民族,只要给他们机会,他们就会力争上游了!”

话说得很对,官员们纷纷点头,即使是他们回乡下老家时,也会种菜种地,反正不会闲着!

再有便是茶马、盐法。大明旧例,茶、盐都是政府专卖,商人需有茶引、盐引方能贬卖。原本是政府收入的大宗,只是后来吏治腐败,收不上茶税、盐税,公候豪门公然贩卖盐茶,政府收入越来越少,私利尽入个人手里。

比如浙江有龙井名茶,一年只收到茶税却不到百两银子,都被走私卖掉了,当时某只在海外的小强,就没少干与浙江地方官员合伙贩茶之事,从不曾向明朝交过一个铜板的赋税。

等他上台之后,马上翻脸不认人,悍然取消了茶盐专卖制度,改为至盐茶铺子征收赋税,所有买卖的盐茶都要有发票……

不过,茶盐有重利,达到十分之一税,但也有好处,交过一次税,就不用再交,全国通行!

战乱时期,各行省四处设卡,到处征税。过路给钱,过桥给钱,甚至运货到北京,还需给进城费,亦即是厘金非商税,税交国家,厘金自用,横征暴敛,雁过拔毛,国家没有税收,岂能运转,而商户则苦不堪言,

又有徭役,无论是城市还是乡下的百姓,都得报徭役,亦即免费给国家打工,民间苦不堪言,以致于民变频频。

而今大明不再有徭役,工作改用银钱支付,反倒吸引了大量百姓踊跃报名打工!

矿税改革,生产出商品进入流通市场后才征税,就非常的合理,起到鼓励开矿,扩大生产的作用。

土地改革,社会个人拥田过百亩者皆收重税,关键在于社会给予民众以投资渠道,鼓励民众发展生产,同时国外有源源不断的银子流入,形成良性循环。

银子多,货物少,就象西班牙那样,造成社会物价飞涨。

银子少,又造成“银荒”,通货紧缩,民间把银子藏匿起来,导致社会甚至要以货易货,造成极大的不便。

又有社会福利,大明还做不来象东南国那样大气,鼓励生育,妇婴费用全包,但也给予了相当的补助,小孩读书的“五年义务制”试行。

……

一项接一顶的改革,让大明如老树发新枝,萌发了惊人的生机,朝廷与民间财富增加,达到双赢,人口增长,市面旺盛。

一个大学生站起来问道:“请教马相,为什么我们的改革可以成功呢?最主要的原因是什么?”

“那是因为我们有了领袖!”马士英承认道!

。m.

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