第738章 上缘斜桁帆和减摇鳍(下)(1 / 2)

欧皇崛起 太上老牛 1549 字 2023-04-01

上缘斜桁帆是风帆动力的最高技术成果,只不过,它有些生不逢时。当上缘斜桁帆发展到巅峰的时候,时间已经是19世纪末和20世纪初了。

而到了这个时候,蒸汽机技术早就成熟了,甚至连蒸汽轮机都出现了。上缘斜桁帆在20世纪初,主要被应用到了飞剪船上。毕竟,风帆动力不需要搭载燃煤,多经济啊,还能节省运货空间。另外,飞剪船的航速,在20世纪初,也不比普通的蒸汽机商船慢……

可是,之后出现的一系列事故,让帆船蒙上了阴影。加上更加先进高效的柴油机的出现,最终让上缘斜桁帆驱动的飞剪船,退出了历史舞台。

那么,是什么样的事故呢?原来,20世纪初制造的10艘6桅和6桅以上的斯库纳帆船(使用上缘斜桁帆的飞剪船),沉了好几艘,包括之前说的那艘倒霉的“怀俄明号”万吨级飞剪船……

然后,人们就被这高事故率给下怀了,最终放弃了使用上缘斜桁帆的飞剪船。但马林读过历史,知道这事真不能怪上缘斜桁帆不好。而是,多桅的上缘斜桁帆和飞剪船不搭配……

为什么这么说呢?因为马林认为,飞剪船太“瘦”了。其高达6比1甚至更高的长宽比,使得飞剪船船身极为“瘦弱”。而太瘦的船,带来的危险就是很容易侧翻。

而上缘斜桁帆是属于纵帆,借用的多半是侧面风。但侧面来风,在推动船只向前的同时,也会同时推着帆船向侧面倾斜……

若是风力小点还好,但若是遇上大风暴,有着高达6个上缘斜桁帆纵帆的“瘦削”的飞剪船,自然非常容易侧翻了……

而且,这种斯库纳六桅飞剪船的运气很不好。为啥?因为就在他们退出历史舞台后不久,一种叫“减摇鳍”的技术出现并投入了应用……

减摇鳍是啥?就是给船体水下部分安装人造的“鱼翅”,好让船体保证更好的平衡性。现代战舰,其实“瘦弱”程度不亚于飞剪船,甚至有过之而无不及。比如“052D”驱逐舰,长157米,宽19米,长宽比高达8.26,速度也比飞剪船快了一倍。可是,现代战舰为啥不翻船啊?因为它们都安了“人工鱼翅”——减摇鳍啊。而且,不止安了一对,而是多对……

如此,即使速度高达三十多节,现代战舰依然如老司机驾驶一般那么稳……

而六桅飞剪船,就特么在减摇鳍技术成熟并投入应用之前退出了历史舞台,所以说很是可惜。要是安上几对“鱼翅”,也不至于10艘沉了好几艘……

而且,上缘斜桁帆也没就此淘汰,而是被现代帆船继续保留了。只不过,现代帆船多半是小型帆船,单桅的,主要用于帆船运动。马林前世看到过的那些现代帆船,基本上都是用上缘斜桁帆,然后前面还放一个兜风的软副帆,把风力利用到了极致……

……

那么,上缘斜桁帆是怎么来的呢?马林前世读过航海方面的历史,那上面是这么介绍的……

书上说,17、18世纪的时候,因为感到拉丁大三角帆换方向时操作极为不便。为了方便转动帆桁,人们直接把碍事的拉丁帆的斜桁的前半部分(也就是下缘斜桁)给截断掉了。

但是,这样一来,拉丁大三角帆失去了半边帆桁,三角帆的面积,也减少了一半,利用风力的能力大大减弱了。

于是,人们开始想办法,在桅杆地步,弄了一个可以绕着桅杆转动的驶风杆。驶风杆垂直于桅杆,用一个金属套环连接桅杆底部。这样,水手可以用手或者绳索直接在水平方向上可以拉动驶风杆。

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