第章 心有芥蒂(2 / 2)

马端临是在收复江南后才入的御前办,此前一直居于临安,他喜好交游,与江南儒士多有交往。后江南沦陷,又有大批儒士被掳掠至北地,待数年后有儒士通过各种渠道南返,因而他得以从这些人口中得知北地儒林详情。

而赵昺也从其讲述中,获知了朱理之学北传的大概情况。赵复至燕京讲学,事实上解决了南北之间因道路隔绝而不通载籍带来的困难,也引发了轰动,尤其是他将所记程朱的诸经注释交付姚枢后,便使理学的传播又拓宽了渠道。

在这些“诸经传注”中,首当其冲是南宋以来占据学术主流的理学四书学著作,同时也包括《易》、《礼》、《春秋》等经学著作。使得北方名臣大儒许衡、刘因、郝经等才得以阅读程朱的著作并予以研究。

而赵复本人的思想见解,大体是主张简易,以直求文王、孔子之用心;主张以“人心惟危,道心惟微,惟精惟一,允执厥中”为君子之学,以得圣人之心,以止于王道,而不应孜孜于流俗之事功;以国难家仇,严华夷之辨,隐居不仕,独善其身。

“呵呵,其凭借所学结交了诸多北地名儒大家,又有蒙元重臣为友,门下弟子为援,而今已经飞黄腾达,成为伪朝枢臣,权贵的幕僚了吧!”赵昺听罢不屑地笑道。他并非轻视那些儒士,但他们中很多人都是以此作为晋身之阶的。

“陛下此言差矣!赵复入元后,并未入仕,而是一直以教书授徒为业,至今仍居于燕京书院之中,与蒙元官员往来也只限于谈经论道,并未成为他们的入幕之宾。”马端临施礼道,“而诸多江南儒士被掳掠至北地后,确有人被征辟为官。但大部分则退隐书院,以讲学为尚,仍心念旧朝,不肯入仕侍元。”

“陛下,即便北地的大儒也并非皆以入仕为荣,还是有诸多人甘于清贫,隐居乡野,教学守夜,注经释疑为乐。而今与蒙元名儒许衡并为‘北地两大儒’的刘因便居于真定,不肯应诏入仕,甘于清贫……”陈识时接过话道。

以其所言,刘因应该算是容城人,家世儒宗。得赵复所传程朱理学,读周敦颐、程颢、程颐、张载、邵雍、朱熹、吕祖谦等人之书。尤服膺朱熹,称其“极其大,尽其精,而贯之以正也”。又谓研读宋儒之学,当从六经、汉唐传疏入门,方可“始终原委,推索究竟”,不致“穿凿”。提出“诗、书、春秋皆史”之说。

当时,真金在宫中建立大学,原由赞善王恂执教。刘因此时在学问上已经成熟,并有相当建树,是以声名远播。时王恂刚刚去世,于是就接替他的职位,教授宫廷子嗣读书。一介儒生,教授乡里,忽然受到朝廷的征聘,一跃而成为朝官,且成为大学的教授,可谓前途无量。

但刘因入朝为时不长,因继母病重,辞官归家。第二年继母去世,依当时风俗,刘因要居丧守孝,为官的事遂被搁置。恰逢真金所发动的更新朝政的改革,还来不及等刘因母丧服除,就因与元世祖忽必烈政见不合而中途夭折。

这次事件给予刘因很深的刺激,使他对于元朝政治再也不抱什么希望,而且反过来,对于自己轻易应诏、一聘而起十分后悔,遂隐居以教学为生。此后的几年间,因遭荒年,粮价上涨,他的生活颇为桔据,生活困苦,但依然拒绝了铁穆耳的征召仍留乡里。

“嗯,不媚权贵,无意官宦,而专注授业解惑,确有些文人的风骨!”赵昺点点头道。

“陛下,其实北地儒士对于虽学朱理,却非没有不同见解,而是有保留的接受,可为我朝所用!”这时张颂言道。

他入秘书监相对最晚,但其即做过监当官,有做过亲民官,是从基层一步步打拼上来的,若非在饶州知州任上操之过急犯了众怒,又恰被皇帝撞上,也许当下已经灌云畅通,入京当了朝官。所以他比之陈识时等没经过基层经历的人,眼光更为独到,也擅于察言观色。

张颂知道由于理学宗旨与陛下的执政观念及现行政策相左,因此对崇尚理学的儒士进行打压,并以‘去之糟粕,留其精华’为名,不仅在太学消减了部分理学内容,也从科举考试里剔除了部分不合时宜的内容。

现下皇帝听闻北地儒士仍崇尚朱理之学,心中肯定会有心有芥蒂,谁也不想刚刚摁下葫芦起了瓢,让这些儒士成为自己革新路上的绊脚石……

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