第章 背道而行(2 / 2)

“罪官有负朝廷重托,处罚得当,吾并无异议!”张颂答道。

“嗯,汝前时上书献灭蝗之策,朕已经采纳,已经颁旨实施。此举利国利民,汝是有功的,朕可以免汝之罪,重新任用,可有什么要求?”赵昺道。

“此乃微臣的本分,不敢居功!”张颂再施礼,犹豫了下又道,“禀陛下,微臣尚有事关赈灾救荒之策,呈请陛下御览!”

“哦,汝为何不通过进谕司上奏,而要面呈给朕?”赵昺有些纳闷地问道。

“禀陛下,微臣数次上奏,被有司以为是无稽之谈,尽数驳回,只好借今日面圣之机进言!”张颂言道。

“呈上来吧,朕倒向看看汝又说了些什么,居然被屡次驳回!”赵昺有些好奇,前时他下诏求灭蝗救灾之策,无论在朝,还是在野的官员和士子皆可上奏。按说审查方面是十分宽松的,可其的上奏却数次被驳回,显然是有悖于常理的,可也勾起了他的兴趣,想看看这位待罪的官员到底写了些什么。

“是!”张颂从袖中取出一本折子双手捧着,有小黄门接过呈上。

赵昺当即就打开折子阅读,只见其中将救荒的核心政策总结为五项。前三项相当常规,分别是:国家打开常平仓;发放义仓(官府强制民众做的粮食储蓄)之米;劝有米的大户卖粮。后两项却与当下朝廷的一贯做法完全相反。

第四项是“遏籴有禁”——遇上灾荒,各地州县就“环视壁立”,禁止本地粮食出境,他认为这种地方保护主义只会加重灾情。第五项是“抑价有禁”——遇到灾情,官府就出面压制市场上的粮价,甚至直接由官府制定很低的粮价,这种事不能干。

在赵昺看来“抑价有禁”一条,可谓却是大逆不道。平抑物价是历朝历代在赈灾中常用之策,以防止商贾惜售,导致物价飞涨,百姓无钱买粮,从而加重灾荒。其却反其道而行之,遭到否决也就不稀奇了,但他对此另有解释:

“比年为政者不明立法之意,谓民间无钱,须当籍定其价。不知官抑其价则客米不来。若他处腾涌而此间之价独低,则谁肯兴贩?兴贩不至则境内乏食。上户之民有蓄积者愈不敢出矣。饥民手持其钱,终日皇皇无告籴之所……若客贩不来,上户闭籴,有饥死而已耳,有劫掠而已耳。可不思所以救之哉?惟不抑价非惟舟车辐凑,而上户亦恐后时,争先发廪,而米价亦自低矣。”

大意就是:以前的为政者不懂,认为民众没钱,须由官府出面压制粮价。却不知官定粮价后,别处粮价高,此处粮价低,商人自然不愿意再将外面的粮食运来。外粮不再进来,境内就会缺粮。境内越缺粮,家中有积蓄的富户为求自保,就越不敢把自家的粮食拿出来。

于是,饥民们手里拿着钱,却找不到可以买粮食的地方,要么饿死,要么去抢劫。反之,如果不抑制粮价,外面的粮食不断进来,境内的富户也敢把粮食拿到市场上,粮价就会很自然地降下来。

其中还说,自己在走访中发现一个奇特的现象:饥荒年份,有余粮的富户,并不愿将粮食卖给本地民众,反与“外县牙人”做生意。究其原因,仍然在于上面对米价的压制。

政策的本意虽是“存恤细民”,想要帮底层民众一把,但却造成周边地区米价高于本地的状况,有粮的富户不愿贱卖粮食,民众找富户加价购粮,富户又怕违反政策被人告发。所以,最后只有外地来的粮商能从他们手里买到粮食,本地民众反陷入更深的饥荒。董煟说,如果我们不压制粮价,考虑到运费、人情等因素,富户们自然会优先选择将粮食卖给本地民众。

另外在奏折中还言:“凡贩米客商逐贵去贱,本不待教而喻。凡米价贵贱,视被灾浅深:灾浅者价贵,灾深者价必尤贵。若必限定到某处粜卖,不可改移,假如沿途米价更贵于所报往卖之处,则此地之饥困必更甚于彼地。”

“客商不敢违法而擅卖,贫民嗷嗷待哺,必欲强买,窃恐争夺抢攘之患,更必丛生矣。大凡米价腾贵之地,一遇客商辏集,价必稍减。此地稍减,又争往他所。听其自便,流通更速。若价昂既不敢卖,价减又不得不卖,商贾用本求利,必视此为畏途而观望不前。”

大意是:粮商们追求利润,是很自然的事情。而米价的贵贱,又与灾情的深浅直接相关,灾情轻的地方米价比平常贵,灾情重的地方则尤其贵。运米沿途出现米价更贵的地方,往往也就意味着此地的灾情更严重,但粮商已由官府指定卖米地点,不敢违法卖米给他们。

这些灾民嗷嗷待哺,为求活路定要强买,武力冲突必然层出不穷。其实,米价高涨之地,粮商蜂拥而来后,米价必然会降低。这里粮价降低了,粮商又会跑去别的地方。官府不强行指定地点,让他们自己干,效果会更好。

但如今的政策,导致粮商在粮价上涨之地不敢卖粮,在粮价下降之地不得不卖粮。粮商们是拿着本钱去求利的,如此两难之下,他们的选择将会是观望不前、不再从别处买粮食运过来,灾民的状况也就会更惨……

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