第章 唾面自干(1 / 2)

若是有人反问赵昺对‘内圣外王’如何解说,是不是也没有答案呢?非也,他既然敢用这个问题来刁难陈普等一众人,自然有应对之言,可惜的是没有人敢问。

在赵昺看来,此问题是儒家把自己给弄进了死胡同。从历史事实上看,内圣外王从来不是现实的通道,而自孔子始,儒家也一直认为民众拥护的君主都被视为圣人。而后人对《周易》中‘圣人以神道设教而天下服矣’的观点有了误读,以为从圣人的“神道设教”可到“天下服”,圣人也就最终可以成为王者。

因而现在所谓的内圣外王的推理颠倒了因果,实际上并不是因为他们首先是圣人才最终成了王者的,而是因为他们首先是得到百姓拥护的王者才逐渐被视为圣人的。所以《周易》与儒家所说的圣人,与其说是“内圣外王”,不如说是“以明君为圣”更为贴切。

所幸的也是孔子、孟子和苟子等都没有成为王者,否则中国历史上就没有大思想家孔子、孟子和荀子了。而后世的人千军万马争外王,人人都想当皇帝之惨状就不堪设想了。而那些认为从圣人走向王者的道路正确的儒家学者,即便竭尽毕生精力恐怕只是一场梦。事实上孔孟之后,儒家也没有人敢成圣,更没有出现一位儒家的开国之君。

“诸君迟迟不肯做出正解,朕就不能不怀疑尔等心怀叵测了!”赵昺深知‘奋起余勇追穷寇’的道理,落水狗不打死就还会咬人,脸色一变肃然道,“尔等以上谏为名在京中鼓噪不止,曲解内圣外王之道,是不是暗示百姓朕非圣人,也就不能为王。然后以此蛊惑百姓只要修心养性就能人人成圣,进而挑动不肖之徒造反,以致天下大乱,你等要借此成王呢!”

“草民不敢,实是吾等才学浅薄,未能领会先贤的经意,妄言空谈,绝无谋逆之意!”生死关头,钱选先绷不住了,自己只是碍于情义才参与进此事,却不想将命丢在这里,向前两步向上施礼请罪道。

“圣上明察,吾等虽然对朝廷常有批评,但忠君之心始终如一。”陈普也赶紧施礼附和道。

“陛下,蒙元南侵,国土沦丧,吾等痛心疾首,虽被迫仕元,却从未敢忘故国月明,日日祈盼王师北还。”方回面带凄然再施礼道。

“哈哈,圣人,千年以降,能称子成圣者又有几人,又有多少士人为一虚名埋首书海,青丝成皓首,到了一场空!”邓牧又发疯了,举手望天狂笑道。

“尔等苦读经史,耗尽心血,至今却不能参透先贤言中奥义,不明何为圣,已经入了歧途!”赵昺冷哼一声斥道。

“愿听陛下教诲!”几个人一听陛下并没有下令将他们拖下去斩了,且言语之中似有缓和,相视一眼齐齐向上施礼道。

“孔圣游历列国,寻求经世之道,集诸派精华得大成,开创儒家学派。自汉武独尊儒术,皆为历朝历代倚重,辅佐君王治世。至我朝,太祖立右文之策,与士大夫共治天下,儒学已然成为国学。至今以历二百余年,期间名士辈出,他们精研典籍,开创心说,繁荣一时。可江南沦陷十年,现下江南士林萎靡,士人风骨无存,更有部分人自当堕落,再无先辈的砥砺前行的精神,堕落到只能拾先人牙慧的地步!”赵昺言道。

“古往今来,入圣者不知凡几,尔等却只沉于自家一亩三分地,忘记了世界之大,提及圣人只知孔孟。却忘了天下尚有武圣关羽、文圣欧阳修、画圣吴道子、诗圣杜甫、兵圣有孙武,书圣王羲之、茶圣陆羽、酒圣杜康、医圣张仲景、还有史圣司马迁,此外尚有道、法、墨、纵横、释等等百家诸子,而孔孟只是诸多圣贤其中一家罢了!”

“陛下所言极是,吾等固步自封,狂妄自大!”几个人再施礼道。

“如此可见,成圣之徒,并非儒家的修心养性之一途,而是一道只要精通到极致也可成圣,哪怕只是被视为闲趣的茶酒之道。不过能成圣者也皆是道德高尚的大义之人,宵小之徒即便通达天道,也难以成为万人敬仰的圣贤。”赵昺没有理会他们,而是起身面向阶下围观的众人高声道。

“那又何为道德,何为大义呢!”赵昺先问后答道,“朕以为所谓道德是只为公众共同遵守的规则,此乃是人存于世的基石,与人和谐相处的根本。不仅包括人所共知的仁、义、礼、智、信孝、悌,泛泛的讲父慈子孝、兄弟相爱,买卖公平、乃至族规村约,皆可视为道德之列。”

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