第章 荡浊流清(2 / 2)

除了田赋,明代还有两种粮食税,分别是供给边防军人的漕粮,以及供给京城权贵宫廷的白粮,而这些负担也主要落在了江南人头上,正税和摊派之外还少不了各种附加费,摊派往往数倍于正粮。也有人以为,江南的粮食产量较高足以承担这样的赋税。

可如果说苏松重赋还有出于地区农业发展水平的考虑,人口的强制迁移则是带有占有明显的惩罚色彩。朱元璋主导的人口迁移被称为‘洪武赶散’,驱动了几十万甚至百万江南人背井离乡。惨烈的元末大洪水席卷大半个中国,造成了大规模的人口死亡,而张士诚控制的江南人口损失不大,自然被视为对外移民的首选。

元末战乱后朱元璋的老家凤阳府人口凋亡尤甚,作为中都实在太过荒凉。为了充实祖宗之地,在攻陷苏州的当年朱元璋就将苏州富民迁实濠州。洪武三年,迁四余户江南人填凤阳。四年以后,迁江南民十四万实中都。这些移民在营造中都的过程中大吃苦头。

在明初的严密控制稍松懈后,江南就以各种方式逃回老家,其中行乞卖艺也是一条出路。凤阳花鼓唱词中所谓‘自从出了个朱皇帝,十年倒有九年荒’的出处众说纷说,其实就是江南移民控诉朱元璋‘暴行’,欺负江南人的一种说法。

首都南京也需要充实人口,洪武年间,苏浙地区共有四万五千多家富户,被朱元璋强制迁往南京,他们带来的财富理所当然要用来繁荣都城。云南平定后,朱元璋又不断从内地往云南移民,以充实边疆,不少原本被迁移到南京的江南人又要跟着大军去戍守边疆。沈万三修城墙惹怒朱元璋,最后被发配云南的故事正是在此背景下诞生。

朱元璋死后的建文新政一度给江南士人带来了希望,众多江南士子聚集在年轻的皇帝身边,没想到来自北平的燕王朱棣靖难成功,再度把他们打压下去。朱棣不仅带来了大量靖难功臣,占领了大小官职,还把首都直接搬到了北平,南方士人集团再次遭到清洗。

而由明入清后,使江南士人再次受到满清的报复,大吃其苦头的科场、奏销、哭庙三案及庄氏史狱,再加上波及康雍乾三朝的文字狱,无不宣示着皇帝的报复欲,这几乎是当时公开的秘密。清人评价,这是朝廷有意与世家有力者为难,以威劫江南人也……

赵昺觉得做个江南士人真是倒霉,谁上台都会被割波韭菜。而自己当初回返江南,打着镇反的旗号,以打击叛国背君者的名目大杀了一批,其实也可以理解为一种报复行为。毕竟这些人在国难当头背离了大宋,出卖了君王,杀起来也没有什么负担,理由也说的过去,所以并没有引发什么大的动荡。

而后在选后的时候,赵昺是以防止外戚专权为名动手,对江南的官宦世家进行打压,禁止他们子弟在数年内不得参加科举,断绝了他们的入仕途径。而真实的目的他自己是心知肚明,是因为陈宜中勾结朝中的官员意欲废立之事。因此赵昺是防止旧臣在官场上重新崛起,保持朝政,左右国策,进而威胁到新政权的根基。

此次打压仍然手段龌龊些,但是江南世家也并非没有从中获得好处,几大世家的女儿嫁入宫中,成了皇帝的后妃,成了皇亲国戚,诞下龙子也可能成为下代的皇帝,如此起码可以保住两代的平安富贵。而在外人看来,皇帝还是对士人十分尊重的,他从而也稳住了传统的士大夫阶层,在一定程度上获得了头部士人的支持。

所以这次‘闹事’的士人看似十分热闹,声势不小,但是少有传统世家和名儒大家参与其中,在后边鼓动的也只是自视甚重,却不得重用的所谓清流,他们的目的无非是欲乱中取利,从中获得名利。而作为闹事的主流则是乡绅,他们为的是保护自己的既得利益,从而反对革新。

不过这次冲在前头的是国子监的学生,各地入京待考的士子。在赵昺看来这些士子属于被蒙蔽的年轻人,空有一腔热血,却缺乏对事物的分辨能力。就如同当年的自己,好像真理就在手中,自己是正义的化身,行事冲动,不计后果,事后成了他人的替罪羊,后悔晚矣。

那么此事的结局,赵昺已经看到,又一批士人倒在自己‘大义’的旗下,而朝野,乃是天下的格局也会受此波及……

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