八百五十五章 串票(2 / 2)

大明文魁 幸福来敲门 1553 字 2022-04-26

“内号簿票,本司收贮。外号簿,发三分司收候。如遇商人赴司领盐引,即于内号簿附写商名引盐赈米数目,就行填票,付商赍赴该管分司处,比对外号相同,如前附写,照数收完。一面行场支盐,一面出给实收,给商连票,赍缴运司销号。”

林延潮说的例子,就是李御史主管盐司时,在总司留底薄,分司留外薄,底薄外薄都编号,一并用盐司印铃。

盐商领盐引先去总司领底薄,依数目填票后,再领票去分司,依编号从外薄中取票附写。

然后商人去盐场支盐,出给分司实收条子,与两张连票,最后去总司销票。

没错,这办法现代人耳熟能详,但古人理解有难度。

与方才吴通判一说,就满堂叫好不同,林延潮这提议一出,却令在场官员陷入沉思。一来不少人不理解,二来理论只要大方向不错,怎么样也不会被人说。

但具体方法就很有商榷的余地,落实到做事上,总有弊病,没有十全十美办法,总有人赞成和反对。

付知远闻言沉思道:“司马所言,本府略有所闻,在苏杭一带称此为串票。”

一名官员问道:“此法下官略有所闻,下官主管常平仓,平日收谷时,也置二薄,一存州县,二存斗级。百姓输谷,先书县簿,给小票挂号,发百姓赴仓交纳。斗级给亦书簿,给与百姓收票,赴县销缴。此法与司马之法有何不同呢?”

何通判解释道:“此法少了连号,虽有执付,收票,仍是容易为胥吏所乘。”

何通判这么说众人都是解惑。

这名官员也是歉然道:“林司马,是下官愚钝了。”

林延潮笑着道:“不明则问,有何愚钝之说?”

付知远道:“不过此法如何用以催科之用呢?”

林延潮道:“昔年催科,以鼠尾册为准,各地设粮长解粮,此乃民收民解之策。”

鼠尾册又称“虎头鼠尾册”。就是差役以丁粮为宗,力差、银差取决于丁粮多少。无论大小户一律造册,把丁粮多的大户、富户编在前,以负担重役,把丁粮少的小户、贫户编在后,以当轻役。前为大户如虎头,后为小户为鼠尾。

“但行一条鞭法后,朝廷由民收民解,改由官收官解,不许地方里家,先年收头,将银两径收私家,再缴送官府。”

“官收官解行之,故而若不根除官吏贪墨之害,那么一条鞭法即为害法,而非良法。”

众官员们闻言露出思索之策,一条鞭法对于大明地方征税制度的改变是深远的。

除了不再以丁粮多寡,改以田亩多寡征税外,还将原来民收民解变为官收官解。

原来朱元璋深怕官吏下乡剥削百姓,故而在民间,设立粮长,让大户充当。由粮长向民间收粮再缴纳给朝廷。结果粮长有了权力,却鱼肉乡里。

但结果却是老百姓既免不了被官府剥削,还要被粮长剥削一手。

张居正设立一条鞭法,就决心革除这个弊病。

一条鞭法,从民收民解,再次恢复为官收官解,但如此不是又回到老路,你张居正有什么办法,杜绝老百姓被官吏剥削呢?

张居正的办法,就是立柜头。

什么是立柜头?就是在缴税时,令各县设置一柜,柜上开口,纳税的百姓,将银子封好后,自己填写姓名银数,由官秤称重后,再投入柜中。

这柜子官吏上缴前不许开柜,同时老百姓自己缴银,不经他人揽收。如此杜绝官吏上下其手,老百姓可以自封投柜。

不得不说,这办法实在是高啊!可以咱大明朝为了杜绝官吏贪污还是想尽了办法,张居正这等的官员,为了老百姓不受剥削,可谓是呕心沥血。

但是魔高一尺,道高一丈啊。

官吏还是有办法的。

什么办法?就是在票薄上搞名堂啊!

官府催科是,登簿出票。给付纳户以收执,但在柜收的流水日收簿上到底登记上。柜吏们却可以让老百姓多交,自己少登给朝廷。

林延潮道:“过去存留,执付二票太简,故而本官建议改为三票,每票连号,盖官府铃印。”

“三票里,一票为存根,存于衙门,以便核算;一票为收执,给付纳户,以为交纳的凭证;一票则给催比钱粮人役执掌,以为催比钱粮的依据。”

林延潮不仅增设了连号之用,还将二票增为了三票,在收执,增加了存根,如此方便官员追查。

若官吏再行多交少登之举,有了存根比对,他们做手脚的难度将增加许多。

林延潮这一办法一解释,官吏们露出恍然之色,纷纷点头。

连堂上的付知远也是点头道:“司马所举之策,实乃良法!”

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