六百四十四章 道可御器(1 / 2)

大明文魁 幸福来敲门 1104 字 2022-04-26

从孙有功的匠坊回至府里,众弟子们都觉得解决了一件心头大事,喜上眉梢。

但林延潮见了弟子如此,却眉头微皱,似有几分不乐。

众人不明林延潮心事,大多数却不敢擅自发问。

唯独屈横江忍不住问:“先生为何不乐?”

林延潮却反问道:“你们国子监监刻坊的铜活字,一日可印多少字?”

屈横江道:“弟子曾问过坊匠,一日可二十余纸。”

众人听了惊呼道:“二十余纸!”

“如孙匠人两日方能一纸呢。”

“铜活字确有长处。”

屈横江以为林延潮为此忧心,于是道:“先生,这铜活字虽快,但也确实太贵了,平常人也是用不起的。就以咱们京师而论,也唯有监刻坊一处有铜活字,有铜模字二十余万,江南的私人刻坊都不如监刻坊。”

陶望龄点点头道:“屈兄所言甚是,江南唯有无锡会通馆,兰雪堂,桂坡馆等私人刻坊才有铜活字,铜模字数万,十几万如此,但私人刻坊没有监刻坊之财力。如要印书,都看有无缺字,若缺字需立铸方可。”

贺自明补充道:“铜活字虽好,但都太贵了,若是要弄齐一套几十万铜模字,不知要费几万两白银,不提还有备字,故而还是雕版印刷好用。”

一名弟子不明问:“何为备字?”

屈横江解释道:“就是重复的字,好比你要印王右军的兰亭集序,仅是‘之’的铜模字就要备上二十一个。”

听了屈横江这么说,众弟子都是摇头:“华而不实。”

林延潮从弟子们议论而知,是啊,正是因此活字印刷才无法推广。雕版印刷仍是社会主流,而活字印刷仅据次地位要,甚至划时代意义的金属活字就是华而不实。

因为除了模具太贵外,铜活字还要用到铜,可中国产铜数量稀少,铜更是流通钱币,谁会用铜来铸字模。

中国汉字近十万,常用汉子三千多,不提还有回字的四种写法。唯有士大夫刻书成风的明朝,才会闲得蛋疼使用铜活字。

可是金属活字到了欧洲却是另一个样子。

英文,拉丁文几个字母?他们的铜活字比我们简单一百倍。

在欧洲古腾堡发明活字印刷后,在一四八零年欧洲已是全面推行活字印刷,在之后二十年间所出版书籍,已超过欧洲之前一千年来所有出版书籍的总和。

到了十六世纪,欧洲出版书籍更是将明朝远远甩在了身后。

众所周知中国与西方近代文明拉开差距,在于文艺复兴。

西方文艺复兴在于几个思想家?几个划时代发明?在于但丁?在于达芬奇?在于蒸汽机?

其实不是,文艺复兴在于知识的廉价传播,而引起思想大碰撞。

可以负责任的说,没有活字印刷,就没有文艺复兴!

但中国与西方,真的就差了一个活字印刷吗?

林延潮向弟子们道:“你们可知泰西?”

众弟子摇摇头,又是点点头。

一人道:“听闻泰西是红毛鬼的地方。”

一人道:“不对,听闻泰西是弗朗机人的地方。”

二人争执了一会,陶望龄问道:“先生何故提泰西呢?”

林延潮道:“泰西有文与汉文不同,如泰西有一国名为英吉利,其文不过二十六个字母,词意乃字母拼凑而成。他们在百年前就已用铜活字印书,其功百倍于我!”

众弟子们听了都是一惊。

“秦汉时以竹简为书,以千为率,士人不过五六尔,隋唐以雕版印书,士人百不及二三,而今我大明富有四海,文教兴盛,但论及读书识字之人,二十人中有一人乎?”

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