第291章 什一税(2 / 2)

楚汉争鼎 寂寞剑客 0 字 2021-10-08

“臣跟子良核算过了,目前江东有人口两百六十余万,在册壮丁八十余万。”

“每个壮丁每年需服瑶役一个月,每个壮丁每月至少消耗口粮一石,所以瑶役折算成田赋为八十万石!”

“一百八十多万口,口赋为九十万石!”

“另有八十多万丁,丁纳算赋,为八十万石!”

“再加上原有田赋九十万,最终的田赋定额是三百四十万石!”

“三百四十万石?!”项庄闻言暗暗心惊,又道,“江东现有耕地一千两百多万亩,也就是说,平均每亩耕地需纳田赋三十四斤?假设一亩耕地的产出是一石,就是一百二十斤,那么最终的田赋税率岂不是超过了四税一?”

四税一,这已经是难以想象的税负了!

刚说完,项庄忽又想起另外一件事来,问道:“对了,你们说江东应收口赋、算赋加起来折合粮食有一百七十万石?可去年怎不见这批粮食进仓?”

百里贤愕然道:“大王您忘了?推行编户齐民律时,您已经下过诏令,整个大楚十年之内不收口赋、算赋!”

项庄一拍额头,道:“瞧寡人这记性。”

当初推行编户齐民律时,项庄为了得到广大黎庶百姓的支持,曾下诏减免十年口赋、算赋,因为当时江东宗族、士族隐匿了大量丁口,实际征收的口赋、算赋极为有限,所以项庄也没怎么在意,大笔一挥就给免了十年。

项庄又道:“既然是这样,那口赋、算赋定额也就免了。”

项他说道:“如果减免口赋、算赋定额,则最终的田赋税率应是七税一。”

项庄说道:“再减减,最终的田赋税率就定为十税一吧!”这也是项庄的心理底线,什一税差不多就是华夏封建王朝的最高税负了,当然,在历朝历代的末期,疯狂加税乃至预征几十年田赋的非正常情形是不具备可比性的。

“十税一?”项他皱眉道,“大王,这会不会造成国库拮据?”

百里贤也有些担心,说道:“是啊大王,废除了瑶役、杂役、更卒、口赋、算赋之后,这田赋就成了国库的唯一税源,十税一的话,既便是大丰年景,也就两百万石,扣除各级官员的俸禄、世卿世禄以及军粮,也就所剩无几了。”

百里贤说的是实话,现在整个楚国大约有文官三百余人,武官三百余人,这些文武官员的平均俸禄是五百石,那就是三十万石;养活五万常备驻军,每年需要六十万石;此外还要发放世卿勋戚的禄米,最后还能剩几个?

就这仨瓜俩枣的,又能做成什么事?

到时候别说筑城、修驰道,就是给项庄修缮一下王宫都得东挪西借了。

而且,现在获得爵位的世卿勋戚还不是太多,压力不大,可是将来随着获得爵位的勋戚越来越多,国库压力势必会越来越大,届时一旦遇上灾荒年,只怕就要入不敷出,更不可能拿出粮食去赈济灾民,那可就糟了。

项庄却摆了摆手,淡然道:“拮据是暂时的,随着人口的增加,江东的耕地总面积肯定也会增加,这样一来国库岁入也会增加,情形就会渐渐地好起来,更何况,瑶役、口赋、算赋虽然废除了,可田赋却也并非国库的唯一收入。”

项他道:“大王是说什货税?可这能多少收入?”

所谓什货税,是指货物经过码头、关卡时按照货物总价值缴纳的税收。

不过先秦时期的商业贸易规模小,而且大多都是零售零卖,像陶朱公那样的巨商大贾可谓凤毛麟角,贡献的税收自然也有限,现在楚国有公输纸、书、烧酒等物源源不断地贩往中原,商业贸易已经比以前兴盛了不少,可税收也没有多少。

按照三十钱一石的价格折成米粮,也就三五万石税收。

项庄摆了摆手,道:“眼下江东的商人还很少,货物流通也不多,所以什货税很少,可在第三批新法推行之后,商人通过贩运货物、缴纳什货税积累到达一定额度,也同样能够获得爵位,这样一来,行商的商人必定会激增,什货税也将激增!”

在古代华夏,商业直到宋代才开始繁荣,但是作为穿越众,项庄深知人口、生产力等因素并非制约商业发展的主要因素,在古罗马还只是个小城邦时,商业就已经相当发达了,古代华夏的商业之所以无法成气候,关键还在于重农抑商的政策。

华夏人的智慧并不输于世界上任何一个民族,所以只要政府放开抑商的政策,楚国的商业就会迅速发展起来,随着商业规模的不断扩大,贡献的税收也将越来越多,假以时日,商业税收将肯定超越田赋成为国库岁入的主要来源![(m)無彈窗閱讀]

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