第46章 歇山、庑殿、攒尖顶(2 / 2)

从半空中向下俯瞰,等于把一个“曰”字的中间那一横向着中心缩短,以此确保这条线段的左右两端都不会和两条竖线相接触,建造这种屋顶的人接下来只需要在中间这条横线的两端,各自再拉出两条短线段,与长方形的四个角顶点分别相连,那么,最高等级的屋顶也就出现了。

相比起只拥有前屋面和后屋面这两个面的悬山顶和硬山顶,庑殿顶总共拥有四个面。即——前后两者都是等腰梯形,而左右两边则是等腰三角形,这四个面当然都没有任何一个面是与地面相垂直的,这一点就是与歇山顶的两个三角形立面之间最大的不同。

把拥有四个面的这种屋顶进行嵌套重合,做成重檐,那么也就等于拥有了中国古代木结构建筑最高等级的屋顶,这样的屋顶,放到明清故宫当中,最先让人想到的自然就是大名鼎鼎的太和殿。而太和殿这座宫殿,那可是皇帝举办登基大典或者举行大婚的地方啊!

除开庑殿顶以外,平日里最为常见的剩下一种屋顶制式,就是攒尖顶。如同一个圆锥一般收上来,屋顶最终会汇聚于一个点,这样的屋顶就被称之为攒尖顶。而园冶的下一个建设项目之所以会选择天坛祈年殿以及国子监辟雍,自然就是因为这两座建筑物,它们的屋顶都是攒尖顶。

当然,单檐攒尖顶这种屋顶形式在民间还是比较常见的,许许多多的亭子都选择了使用这样的屋顶。只不过,能够把这种屋顶的重檐做得恢弘大气,不过只是让其他人看上一眼就能够对它留下非常深刻的印象,这样的具体建筑实例却并不算多,而园冶这一次所选择的两座建筑物,它们都刚好都是单纯只是依靠外形,就能够让人对其印象深刻的那一种。

“天坛祈年殿,这座建筑物从高空中向下俯瞰完全就是圆形的吧?方形的建筑物我能够理解,毕竟横平竖直就完事儿了,但是,这样圆形的建筑物不好弄吧,选来作为建筑原材料的木质材料,真的能够进行如此大弧度的弯曲吗?”

亲眼见证了园冶所绘制出来的天坛祈年殿效果图,并且对木质原材料到底能不能够进行如此大弧度的弯折抱有一定程度的怀疑,莫名接下来却只是因为园冶一句话,就明白了自己的这种怀疑完全就是毫无理由的。

“木质原材料那么的拥有柔韧性你都担心它弯折不了,那么金属又怎么办呢?那些轨道交通难道就全部都是横平竖直完全不带拐弯的?既然使用钢铁打造的铁轨都能够进行弯曲,那么,没道理木头的原材料就不能够进行这样的形变不是吗?更何况,不同品种的树木在柔韧性以及硬度这些方面所具备的物理基础数值本来就不同,所以,建造祈年殿的人,当初又为什么不能够在品种繁多的原材料当中选择最为合适的木料呢?”

“是,是我一下子没有反应过来。”毕竟从小到大从来也没有见过天坛祈年殿的照片,因此当然不可能在见到如此华美的建筑的时候,完全无动于衷,莫名虽然知道天坛这座礼制建筑到底是用来干嘛的,但是国子监辟雍又是什么他就不清楚了。

“国子监我知道,这等于是非常有名的学校,但是辟雍又是什么,光看名字根本就没有办法从这两个字推断出这座建筑物的具体用途啊!”

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