第一百四十四章 宣传(2 / 2)

万历新明 摩碣 1708 字 2022-04-26

一个孝字,既是统治的基石,也是激励的利器,更是禁锢的枷锁——万历四年的年底,京师又开了一家报社叫做《新民日报》。

根据后世史学家经过深入研究得出结论,《新民日报》很可能是为了尽快打开局面,这才在创刊号上就直接扔出了一个大炸弹:“丁忧制度,合理还是不合理?”

这篇文章,直击朱元璋钦定的文官丁忧制度。开篇明义即解释“丁忧”:

《尔雅·释诂》:“丁,当也。”遭逢、遇到解。《尚书·说命上》:“忧,居丧也。逢父母丧之意,又称“丁艰”。

随后文章又说,丁忧之制起于汉末,而兴盛于晋。晋代时,不仅父母之丧要去官丁忧,逢兄弟姐妹之丧也要守制。

隋唐、两宋,管理守丧之制度大备,及传至国朝,定制为父母治丧,文官丁忧。

概括了几句大家都知道的定义和事实之后,文章开始讲丁忧制度的内在原因:“子有父母之丧,君命三年不过其门,所以教人孝也。古者求忠臣必于孝子之门,诚以居家孝,故忠可移于君,为人臣者未有不孝于亲而能忠于君者也;为人君者未有不教臣以孝而能得其臣之忠者也。”

这段话的大意是丁忧制度是皇帝在教大家如何尊亲守孝的制度,忠臣只能在孝子中间产生,因为他孝顺父母才能忠于君主;而君主不能选不孝之人,因为他不可能忠君。

这段话接着生发开去:“士大夫者,民之望也。‘君子德风,小人德草’。”这句的意思是,百姓的教化和风俗淳厚,都是天下官员、士大夫带头遵守孝行的缘故啊。

看这文章的前三分之一,都是正经文字,很文雅、很正能量。但随即作者笔锋一转,开始不正经起来:

“然历数中国之乱臣贼子,汉奸蠹贼,曾有未守丁忧之制而卖族求荣者乎?再历数中国之忠臣良将,流芳万古者,未有夺情而开天下太平,致君尧舜者乎?”

经过两句有力的反问,文章随后抛出主旨:“由是观之,以丁忧、夺情而辩忠邪,失之于谬也!”

文章随后远举李林甫、秦桧,近举严嵩、严世蕃,都是老老实实丁忧守制的,他们的操守如何,早有定论。

文章又远举比干,周公,近举岳飞为例,前两者时代没有丁忧制度,岳飞母丧三次要求守丧都被夺情——他们的操守如何,也早有定论。

随即文章从本朝太祖时期开始历数夺情的官员,截止到现在阁臣已经有十人次;尚书十三人次;巡抚夺情三十二人次;地方官得民心和武将因金革之事夺情的数不过来,大数也有数百次。

文章说,这些夺情的人中,固然有求善地,居美职而“丧心病狂者”,但也有杨荣、杨溥这样的大政治家、文学家,还有知县方素易等地方官——这些官员,都在夺情之后或梳理国政,或治理地方,留下了万古流芳的美名。

前后论述差不多了,文章再次点出主题:“孟懿子问孝,子曰:‘无违’。无违于父母,即为孝,何必孜孜以求三年之居丧也?孔圣弟子何曾居丧三年而不仕?后世丁忧之制,早违圣人原意,而有刻舟求剑之讥。”

文章最后又一个大反问:“万历二年会试,陛下以孝为题,而欲示天下孝之真、伪也,朝中衮衮诸公,宁不深思乎?”

这《新民日报》创刊号发出,士林一时失声,随即沸反盈天——把《新民日报》视为洪水猛兽者,口诛笔伐,把万历四年年底点缀的热闹无比。

而在南京过年的李贽,万历五年的大年初四就悄无声息的跑到冯邦宁家躲了起来。他反复问冯邦宁道:“没人知道这篇文章是我写的,是不是?是不是?!你可千万别说漏了啊,我好怕啊!”

冯邦宁见他吓得狠了,奇怪道:“谁能想到《新民日报》用南京这边的文章?再说,大哥离经叛道之言比这厉害的多了去了,怎么怕的这么厉害。”

李贽听了苦笑道:“原来拿嘴说,几个人听?现在一旦见报,旬日之间天下皆知,千夫所指之下,谁不害怕?”

冯邦宁听了哂笑道:“我就不怕,指就指,咬了我的鸟去不成?”

李贽听了这话,脸色一阵青一阵白,突然一拍大腿道:“老弟说的对!我决定了,在咱家报纸上再发一篇,题目就叫《儒者,以丧为礼而治天下也》,如何?”

冯邦宁听了,那脸色和李贽刚才一般儿精彩,随即扑通一声跪下,抱着李贽大腿哭道:“大哥,我不该吹牛逼,您饶了我吧!我上有老、下有小,还指着这点买卖吃饭呢!”

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