第380章:问题困境(1 / 2)
大宋皇家发行商
尘下散人
1042 字
2022-03-20
王朝中期的内政问题,一般最开始在朝廷财政方面上表现出来,随后蔓延至其他方面,比如军队战斗力削弱,比如各地农民起义增多,比如官员贪腐问题增多。
所以,解决内政问题,无论是解决哪一个问题,表现形式往往是以增加朝廷财政为目的。
朝廷有钱了,就能够给军队发放粮饷防止兵变,能够减少苛捐杂税以避免农民起义,能够提高官员俸禄高薪养廉。没有钱的中央朝廷,就是一只纸老虎,政令不出京城。
汉武帝和唐玄宗在面临王朝中期问题的时候,除却对外扩张之外,主要就是增加政府财税。
增加政府财税,无非开源节流四字。
开源方面,汉武帝盐铁酒官营,均输平准,收回各国铸币权。此外还征收财产税,也就是算缗,普通人每四千钱缴纳一百二十钱,商人则是每两千钱缴纳一百二十钱。算缗这种法令注定无果,后来就鼓励告发,即告缗,闹得天怒人怨。唐玄宗呢,他的侧重点不在开源,而是在节流,开源方面最值得一提的就是派宇文融任劝农使括田,打击土地兼并并搜查隐田,隐田即不向朝廷纳税的土地。
节流方面,汉武帝借口诸侯献金不足,一口气废了上百个,收回大量户田。唐玄宗时期改革军队,实行精兵简政,以唐朝疆域之广全国不过四十九万军队。想也知道,必然是不够的,所以需要大量的蛮族雇佣军,唐朝要这些人冲锋在前,抚恤则很少,赏赐更是不多,背叛就屡屡发生。一方面是精兵简政,一方面是扩张攻取可以用于耕种的土地,两个政策导致的结果就是蛮族雇佣军的地位越来越重要,内轻外重。为了驱使这批人,汉军将领言语不通,安禄山之流由此成为方面之帅,不为汉文官挟制。番将的崛起,究竟是李林甫假公济私危害朝堂,还是唐玄宗顺应局势的做法,或许值得思索一番。
故事很多,展开来写,完全可以成为一篇论文。沿着这些大帝们的步伐,未必要亦步亦趋,有成功的经验,也有失败的教训。
赵昕觉得自己的思路是没有问题的,汉武帝和唐玄宗选择扩张的方向,重点是北方,南方有,但是都被他们视为瘴毒之地,蛇虫众多。
从气候条件来看,在他们的时代那般选择或许是没有问题的,罗布泊都和海一样大呢,西北如同江南水乡一样,自然是好地方应该打下来。也正是因为他们的坚持,才有河西四郡,才有敦煌飞天,才有犯我中华者,虽远必诛!
但是这个时代,陕西都变得贫瘠了起来,长安几经战火,人民离散,山林荒芜,天子之气已然断绝。关中平原可以供养秦国,而自隋唐开始就无法供养百万人口级别的大城市,需要自江南转运,说起转运,不考虑军事保障,还有哪里比汴京好的地方。
北方不适合扩张,或者说不再是赵昕扩张的首选,日后赵昕或许会攻灭西夏,收复燕云十六州,但是可能也就仅限于此了,广袤的南洋岛国,无边的印度洋才是更为广阔的天地。这些地方攻占难度不高,攻占之后可以辟为耕地,大量移民,减少国内人地矛盾,继续执着于北方,显得没有意义。
扩张重点选在南方,赵昕是这么想的,也是这么做的。目前来看已经开了一个好头,只需要静静等待其结果。
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