第一七六章 盐场(上)(2 / 2)

龙啸大明 木林森444 0 字 2021-08-26

商毅听完之后,也点了点头,沉思了一会儿,才道:“那么其他的地方呢?那样没有被马家强占的盐团情况怎么样,是不是要比你们好得多?”

严受益道:“实不瞒大人说,虽然是好些,但也好不到那里去。海沙盐场一共有十二团,有九个都被别的大户包了盐课,只不过给得要比马家稍好一点,也不过就是一两到一两五钱之间。另外还有三个被盐场大使刘培经包了,情形也和其他的团差不多。”

商毅知道现在浙江的米价都在二两五钱左右,那么毎引盐的收购价根本不足以交纳盐课,盐灶其实也是被压迫的对像,看来产盐虽然赚钱,但也不过是富了那些盐商盐官,而真正的劳动人民依然还是生活在水深火热之中啊。

商毅又想了一想,道:“你领我到你们的制盐场里去看看,我看你们是怎样制盐的?”

严受益答应了一声,领着商毅来到制盐场里,这个制场占地很大,里面至少有四五百人在工作,最引人注意的是一边架着的好几十口大锅,下面烧看木柴,冒着腾腾的蒸气,还能够听到“咕噜”“咕噜”的沸水翻滚声音。在有些锅着,还有人拿着大锅子,在锅里用力的搅拌着。商毅目测,每一口大锅的直径应在一米四到一米五左右,高度约在三十厘米左右,来到一个大锅前,虽然锅里的水还没有被完全煮干,但在锅里己经可见白花花的细盐了。

而严受益在一边像他介绍,这样每锅约煮三个时辰成盐,一锅可煮出成盐七到十斤。

商毅点点头,看到另一边,则开凿了一排大水池,上面不知是辅的什么,正有妇女们用桶在上面浇水。严受益又向他解释,这是用海水淋浇卤沙制卤。

原来煮盐并不是把海水直接拿来来煮,因为单纯的海水中含盐量太小,因此首先要制出含盐量高的卤水,即在海边潮水可到之处,铺满细沙厚约二至三寸,耙松,使沙能充分吸收潮水。待风吹日晒干后,便成卤沙。然后将卤沙均匀撒在卤池里,然后再用海水浇淋,这样的海水就充份吸收了卤沙里的盐份,含盐量也就大大增加了,有时为了增加含盐浓度,还会反复淋卤。然后将卤水倒在锅里煮炒,就可以制出盐巴或成盐。

而如果需要制出精盐,则需要将卤水反复过虑五六遍,一般来说,过虑的材料以丝绸最好,棉布其,只有将水里的杂质清除干净,才能开始煮出精盐来。商毅刚才看到的那一锅,就是制精盐。

不过商毅所看到的,都是煮盐生产法。虽然这种生产方式是中国古代的主流产盐方法,但商毅也知道,这时晒盐法以经产生,并且在南方普及。晒盐法在卤砂、卤水制造,过虑工艺和煮盐法基本相似,不同的在于出盐工艺,就是将卤水浇到特制的盐槽里去暴晒。一般在太阳未起时候就将卤水倒入盐槽,暴晒一天后,到黄昏就可以用板刮盐,收入竹筐了。在最晴朗炎热的季节,一个盐槽加上两三次的卤水都可以蒸发干。

煮盐法生产落后,产量少,劳动生产率低,成本高。特别是消耗木柴量大,后来逐渐被晒盐法所取代。因此商毅也问道:“严团头,你们用过晒盐法吗?”

严受益道:“回禀大人,当然用过,晒盐法要比煮盐轻松一些,不过必须要等到盛夏时节,天气炎热而又无雨才能用。现在正是冬季,一槽卤水三五天也出不了盐,因此只能煮盐。等到夏季来临,梅雨之后,我们会有三四个月的晒盐时间。”

商毅点了点头,晒盐法确实主要是在广东海南地区普及,而北方使用得较少,看来还是和天气有关。不过无论是煮盐还是晒盐,都是劳动密集型的产业,可以想像,就是相对轻松一点向煮盐法,也是要在炎炎夏日的太阳下劳作,真的是件非常辛苦的事。而且一直到近代,制盐的基本工艺都没有出现在的改进,确实是劳动人民向辛勤劳动换来的成果。

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