第二百六十三章 围楼(1 / 2)

开海 夺鹿侯 1212 字 2022-06-03

走在墨西哥城西面的官道上,杨策见证了祖先在战乱中流离失所时创造的最高生存智慧——这种智慧叫做团结。

至少在新大陆墨西哥城至常胜一线,界线泾渭分明却无处寻觅,它在边境每个人的心中。

边界这一边是阿尔瓦堡,即西班牙公爵阿尔瓦驻军墨西哥城为防备明军东征而修造于官道上的三座棱堡,互相拱卫。

而在边界另一边,则是沿途数也数不清的村落,这些村落占地颇广、人丁兴旺,最关键的是他们修筑的那些拥有历史特征与强烈军事防御特征、气势恢弘的巨型建筑,土楼、土围、土堡、土寨。

在西班牙与明军相互陈兵边境的历史环境中,来自大明的四省移民迁居至此,外有一触即燃的战火威胁他们的生计,内有土地被占伺机搏杀的土民觊觎着他们的财产。

过去客家人有轰轰烈烈的迁徙史,而现在动荡不安的环境与崭新的生活将四省移民逼成新的客家人。

去国万里,他们聚集于此,无分乡土结为村寨,遵循着做客他处的古老传统,人们举众成族聚居一处相亲相爱。他们就地取材,用比传统更加古老的生土夯筑技术依山而建修造起一座座围楼,一个村落一座楼,一座楼便是一座城。

围楼的形制可以追溯至汉代城池与当时闽越王城的建筑风格,官府军事建筑进入民间则要晚至宋元时期,在那个时期围楼多为方形。

至东南倭乱,为抗击倭寇保卫宗族,一座座圆形围楼被修建起来。

内外几个同心圆环楼形成多层,圆形外墙以生土夯筑承重,墙越高则底越厚,外墙底普遍厚五六尺,越往上越薄,至顶则二三尺。

同心楼外高内低,楼中有楼,内部墙壁则以青砖或土砖筑成以节省空间,毕竟外环楼才是主要的防御墙,每座楼顶皆覆青瓦,采光、通风、防御皆为上乘,村落的百姓便聚居其中,歃血为盟。

广立边境的围楼其实大部分都是各村百姓聘请来自漳州的移民工匠修建,他们不乏眼光高远者,深知明西边境的情况与国内东南局面不同,更知道东洋军府奉行藏兵于民的政策,在东洋军府两名工兵千户的指导下,围楼的形制比之国朝东南也多有改动。

最出众的就是铳台、虎台、炮台,合称三台。

在地利险要的围楼上,工匠选择外环楼两角或四角增筑凌空伸出的马面墙,下层备射孔、上层备射台,以供拥有鸟铳、硬弓强弩的移民百姓遇险时用作防御。

在临近官道的围楼,除了注重百姓防御的射台,还为一些百姓没有的兵器设置射台,比方说虎台与炮台。

虎台多建于马面墙高层,用于虎蹲炮打放;炮台多修于中层,专供步兵野战炮打放;修筑炮台的马面墙时工料中添了水泥,水泥是常胜的水泥厂用墨西哥城的火山灰与海边贝壳烧粉制成的,筑基立柱,外部再以生土夯筑。

既节省材料,也保证墙体能耐得住火炮打放对墙体的破坏。

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