第三十二章 缘由(2 / 2)

开海 夺鹿侯 1472 字 2022-06-03

户部尚书放下烟斗,抬起一根手指道:“收账目、召官吏,与同僚多般议事方知,江南商贸繁荣,百姓多种丝绵,米价也比北方便宜,他们更乐于交本色;而北方诸省以农事为生,边鄙穷困之地,百姓耕作稍稍受灾,则本色则不足交付赋税,便要折色。”

没有问题啊?

张居正点头道:“这正是让北方百姓更加便利,其地米价粮价更高,折银有利百姓。”

“但过去民解民运,赋税难急在粮长;如今官解官运,赋税难急全在百姓,贪、扣、剥、耗,四急之下,本应交银一两、朝廷也只能收一两,当然实则户部只能入帐见不到这一两银,但百姓却要费二两甚至三两才能交上,此则为重税。”

“百姓越贫困,越需折银上税,越折银上税,则越贫困。”

“单单如此,还不是问题所在。折银依赖商贾、地主那些富贵之家,主要为粮商,待到官府收税则粮价变低、伤及农户;收完税粮价涨高,再伤农户,这是平时人心趋利,天性使然。”

张居正的眉头皱起来,王国光却没有停下,他的语调更为沉重。

“待到乱时、战时,商贾、粮商乃至饭饱衣足的寻常之家,凡有金银者,必要屯银傍身以避宗族之祸的阁老。”

作为大明朝首屈一指的财政家,户部尚书王国光仿佛穿越时空看到数十年后的情景,他的语气缓慢而忧虑:“市面银少,银贵粮贱,天下各地富人少穷人多,交上税者少欠税者重,凡有内忧外患,国朝用兵需银粮,可银两不足用,再束手无策……”

“对外束手无策便要加派税饷,加练兵饷、加用兵饷,百姓本已交不上税,便要落草为寇。”

陈沐突然全明白了,他接过话来,道:“落草为寇,朝廷便要再向内用兵,加派剿匪饷,朝廷但凡还有一条生路就不会这么做,但内忧外患已再无其他办法;朝廷但凡给百姓一条生路,他们都非但不会落草为寇,还要助官府擒拿,可一旦百姓都落草为寇了,再征剿饷,则只能破门败家,剿出更多匪来。”

陈沐的话不但令张居正侧目,还让年迈的王国光为之惊讶,张张口险些说出不出话来,顿了片刻与张居正交换眼色,这才哑然失笑道:“靖海伯未免有些危言耸听了,只交不上税,不至如此,即便真如老夫所言,休养生息几年,到时官吏才俊会有更好的税法,南倭北虏乱了这么多年,起于我辈平于我辈……呵!”

说到这,王国光看着陈沐,眼神颇为严厉,带着提醒的意思道:“此时此刻,不正是在完善税法么?”

一贯迟钝的陈沐脑袋转得飞快,硬是半天才弄懂户部老爷子突然这么严厉做什么,税法是张居正定的,他这话里话外说税法会亡国,难道不是在说张居正有问题?

不过他的表演才能在此时起到了大用场,他装作没看见王国光的提醒,一脸阴沉的缓缓摇头,道:“不是税法有问题,税法什么问题都没有,在货币,在银,也在财政运输。”

“哦?”张居正的眉头依然没有舒展开,他也在脑中飞快推演局面,事实上他根本不在乎陈沐是不是觉得税法有问题,随意道:“靖海伯畅所欲言。”

“国朝世面流通银两,钱法银两与铜钱并行,但银不在朝廷铸造,多为海外流入,难以调控,因此朝廷对抗风险的能力低;财政运输也是如此,征得银两不在国库,不论本色还是折色,各省征得、各省自行输送使银使粮衙门,银粮不经国库统一管理,不利权力集中,财政因而混乱。”

“并且朝廷有两套财政,中央与地方,十万户之邑仅数名官吏领取俸禄,助他们管理地方的皂吏皆为地方自行招募、自给火耗,既不利集权也不利财政更不利吏治。”

“事发突然,后生晚辈没有准备,姑且妄言几句……阁老,咱大明朝,是不是可以设立银行啊?”

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