739【天理论】(2 / 2)

王梓钧 1831 字 2022-09-05

亲卫首领郑大用,也在笔记中写道:“波斯之兵,军容整肃,城市驻军亦如此。更兼幅员辽阔,兵源不竭,非遇内乱,不可强攻。”

来自钦天院的蔡云程,却写出完全不同的评价:

“波斯土地,皆属王室。此国官吏,并无俸禄,由君王赏赐禄田。此非先秦耶?普天之下,莫非王土,周天子分封诸侯而已。官吏所得禄田,岂愿退还给君王?如此,必致官吏世袭,终而控制地方,形成大小诸侯。诸侯愈多,便与君王离心离德。”

“此国小民,无权拥有土地。无恒产者,无恒心也,民心必不在君王。乡野所见,多有饥民,卖儿卖女者众,自是民不聊生之状。不出五十年,波斯必乱,分崩离析之日近矣。”

“嗟夫,我国圣天子,何其贤明也!陛下出自布衣,深悉小民之心,更悟得天心即民心之至理。遂作《三原论》,阐述君臣民之大道,如此大同社稷方能永世安定。波斯君臣,不知此道,视农民而如草芥,焉有不亡国之理?”

潘蔚的着眼点,是波斯的城市和市民阶层。

蔡云程的着眼点,却是波斯乡下的广大农民。

历史上,萨菲波斯的衰落,正是源于农民起义,奥斯曼帝国趁机入侵。

夜间,二人饮酒闲聊。

蔡云程笑着说:“如今的波斯,恰似前明的万历中期。城市何其繁荣,商业何其兴旺,文化何其昌盛,农民……何其悲惨!你是富家大户出身,自然只看到波斯城市的光鲜。我却来自乡野农家,知道农民没了活路,那是真的要揭竿而起的。”

“蔡兄夸大其词了,”潘蔚不以为意,“我看这波斯,虽不沐圣贤教化,却也已经非常难得。我向城中商贾打听,都说此国君王,是一位仁慈贤明的君主。便是城中小民,也对波斯皇帝称颂有加。你我这次出海,沿途经历大小国度,有哪个比得上波斯的?”

蔡云程不屑道:“我看啦,你的中小学都白念了,根本就不认真领会《三原论》。农民才是国之基石,而波斯农民,连拥有土地的权力也无。这个波斯皇帝或者仁慈,那下一个呢?下下一个呢?遇到仁慈皇帝,波斯农民也已贫弱至此。你看那海港城市当中,有一条街专设人市,皆因农民卖儿卖女所致。再换上个暴君,农民求生不得,那就只能求死了。奋死举义,揭竿而起,杀了皇帝再造乾坤!”

潘蔚无法辩驳,只能说道:“危言耸听,危言耸听!”

蔡云程冷笑道:“我危言耸听?这繁花似锦的波斯,其实连大明都不如。大明再是腐败,至少农民子弟苦读,还有科举做官的机会。而波斯呢?官吏皆为世袭,农民毫无出头之日!”

潘蔚明显多喝了几杯,醉话脱口而出:“既为农民,安心种田便是了,还要什么出头之日?”

“去你娘的,你再说一遍试试!”蔡云程勃然大怒。

潘蔚自知失言,尴尬赔笑道:“是我不对,自罚三杯。哈哈,自罚三杯。”

蔡云程拂袖离去,已对潘蔚厌恶至极。

醉话,才是心底话!

回到自己屋里,蔡云程奋笔疾书:“陛下布衣起于江西,聚民心而涤污秽,重开朗朗之乾坤。而分田之政,为士绅富户所恶。田连阡陌,奴仆成群,此人之欲者。当今朝廷诸公,贫贱出身者多,而能‘存天理,灭人欲’者几何?有朝一日,或化为豺狼,饱食天下民脂民膏也。吾辈士子,当谨记陛下教诲,谋天下万民之福。便千夫所指,亦当坚守本心!”

虽然有些喝醉了,但蔡云程的思路越来越清晰,他继续写道:

“圣贤有言,存天理,而灭人欲。食君禄,分君忧,食民禄,勤民事,便是天理。士农工商,各尽其责,便是天理。一朝得势,为官为吏,贪婪索取,便是人欲。为民富有,兼并土地,蓄养奴仆,便是人欲!”

“存天理而灭人欲者,既为谨遵三原之论。三原公论,田政为首。破坏田政者,祸国害民之辈也,当人人得而诛之!满朝公卿,乡野豪右,狼子野心者不少,当时时警惕其祸乱天下。”

“吾就读于金陵大学之时,曾查阅前明档录。一条鞭法改革,源于大明官田之废。而大明官田之废,在于公卿豪右侵占官田。此种侵占,占其田而不纳其赋。大同新朝之田政,不许土地买卖,此与大明官田并无二致。当谨防公卿豪右,侵吞民田而不买,破坏田政又无罪!”

啥叫侵吞民田而不买?

就是百姓破产了,只能卖田求活。而大户人家,不敢破坏田政,于是不交易土地所有权,把土地永久租赁给大户,自己变相成为大户的佃农——明代的官田,就是这样被侵占的。

蔡云程已经决定,等回到南京,就上疏请求陛下,把田政的漏洞给补上。

至少,从法律层面补上。

今后即便田政败坏了,遇到敢作敢为的官员,也有十足的法律依据对豪右动手。

接下来的旅行途中,蔡云程不断充实自己的理论。他打算创立一个学术派别,或许可以称为“天理派”,认真贯彻赵瀚的制度就是存天理,破坏赵瀚的制度就是违背天理,就是被人欲支配的伪君子!

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