5.棉麻孰为优(2 / 2)

大唐官 幸运的苏拉 0 字 2021-05-24

“这诸葛孔明住在哪里?应该把他抓起来!”席座间,明怀义愤愤不平,对诸葛亮破坏兴元府和蜀都城“种棉”大好政策严重不满。

高岳横了他眼,意思你闭嘴。

“那棉和麻相比,到底优势在哪里呢?”白居易迫不及待地问出下个问题。

高岳便说优势有三:

首先,我中土种麻种类众多,主要有大麻、黄麻、亚麻、苧麻四类,其中大麻、黄麻粗粝,不堪织布,只能用来搓麻绳,而亚麻一般出子榨油最好,织造者唯有苧麻,但苧麻此物最为娇贵,需沃土,需灌溉,需雨水充沛,然则雨水大而猛又会被毁坏,棉花则不同,盐碱地可种,砂土地可种,且只要阳光充裕,雨水适宜即可,不和良田争地,这是第一个优势;

其次,苧麻对土色肥力损害巨大,一块田种了几轮苧麻后便不能栽种粮食,但棉花则不然,非但不损害土色肥力,反倒还有草肥的效力,一块田两年种棉,一年种稻麦,土气会变得肥厚,劣田能化为良田,且少虫害,这便是第二个优势;

最后,苧麻织布,对于农人来说,最痛苦的莫过于“绩麻”这个过程,什么是绩麻?就是农人要趁着苧麻茎干还未变黄时,用镰刀把它们给割下来浸泡在水中,泡好后再一根根把一两尺长的苧麻给粘连起来,然后才能织造,每天累死累活,所得只能以“钱”(重量单位)计,产量很难提升,棉花则不然,成熟后每亩可收半石,用我制造的器具去子、抽线、纺造,每四日就能得一斤棉线,这可比苧麻高效的多,这是第三个优势。

听到这里,白居易隐隐明白什么,他壮起胆子,又问兴元尹道:“也即是说,这棉不择土色,不争田地,和丝绸相比起来,无蚕桑之劳,却有必收之效,和苧麻相比起来,无绩麻之苦,却有御寒之益?”

“乐天所言甚是!”高岳高度赞许道,“凤州也开始种棉,依你看,这长远的效益还在于哪里?”

白居易思维敏捷,他虽然不过十五六岁,可也分析起里面的门道来:“天下人户,没有不想要被服之暖的,可丝绸太贵,苧麻损害土力,有它就不能大规模种粮,只有这棉花可和种粮相得益彰,若是大量丰收,天下的人户百姓都能得到物美价廉的被服,又能不缺粮食,而适量的苧麻便可用去造纸。”

高岳这便爽朗地大笑起来,说白乐天小小年龄,便也有宰相的见识。

这话说得白氏全家受宠若惊,各个站起来忙不迭地谦逊。

其实白居易说得没错,棉花的历史意义就在于此。

原本,丝绸的产量,北方高于南方,后来因契丹、金的入侵,他们所到中原处,疯狂砍伐桑树,用来建造堡垒或用来攻城,使得南方丝织业后来者居上,但丝绸就是丝绸,不管是北还是南,永远不是平民所能大量消费得起的,故而棉花一旦推广,很快就让百姓得到质地优良但又低廉的被服材料,穿得暖的同时,也间接促使了粮食产量的提升(棉不与麦田、稻田相争),接着人口大量孳生,苧麻则被节约下来,用于造纸,大量印刷书籍——这样,人口繁多,文化鼎盛的新世代便产生了。

得到兴元尹夸赞的白居易既激动,又兴奋不安,他索性请求高岳说,能不能代替父亲,留在兴元府观棉田的种植?然后也可帮助父亲在凤州推行棉业。

“乐天啊,你们兄弟不妨都入兴元的韬奋学宫,如何?”高岳循循善诱。

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