第一百五十四章 河间(十一)(2 / 2)

    体型巨大,其中最小的种类体长也大于6米。口内无齿。上颌两侧各具有150~400枚角质鲸须。鲸须的颜色、数目和形状因种而异,是分类的重要依据。外鼻孔2个,位于头顶。头极大,有的种可达体长的1/3。仅有1~2对肋骨与小型胸骨相连接,无锁骨,鳍肢一般4指。具有盲肠。它们使用鲸须从海水中过滤浮游生物。以磷虾和头足类为食,有的也吃小鱼和底栖贝类。

    ·露脊鲸科baenidae,如:黑露脊鲸(黑真鲸)eubaenagcialis、南露脊鲸eubaenaaustralis、北极露脊鲸(弓背鲸)baenamysticetus、小露脊鲸capereamarginata、露脊鲸(注:有的分为小露脊鲸科neobaenidae)

    ·灰鲸科eschrichtiidae,如:灰鲸eschrichtiusrobustus

    ·须鲸科baenopteridae,如:蓝鲸(蓝鳁鲸,剃刀鲸)baenopteramusculus、小须鲸(小鳁鲸)baenopteraacutorostrata、座头鲸(驼背鲸,大翅鲸)megapteranovaeangliae、长须鲸finwhale、大须鲸(鳁鲸)、布氏鲸(鳀鲸)bryde\'swhale、小布氏鲸baenopteraedeni、塞鲸seiwhale

    齿鲸亚目(odontoceti)

    齿鲸仅少数种类生于淡水,大多数均产于海洋中。共包括7科80余种。(注:齿鲸亚目的分科有一定的不同意见,大体可以分成海豚、喙鲸和抹香鲸三个差异比较大的类群,每个类群下分一至多科。)

    体型大小不一。口内有齿,外鼻孔仅有1个。鳍肢一般5指。除恒河豚外,均无盲肠。这种动物有独特的通过回声定位感知环境的能力。主要以乌贼、鱿鱼、甲壳类、鱼类为食。

    ·河豚科ptanistidae又称淡水豚科。如:白鳍豚(白鱀豚)lipotesvexillifer、印度河豚ptanistaindi、恒河豚ptanistagangetica、亚马孙河豚iniageoffrensis、马德拉河豚iniaboliviensis、拉普拉塔河豚pontoporiabinvillei。

    ·海豚科delphinidae如:真海豚delphinusdelphis、短喙真海豚delphinusdelphislinnaeus、长喙真海豚delphinuscapensisgray、宽吻海豚tursiopstruncatus、亚马孙白海豚sotaliafluviatilis、逆戟鲸(虎鲸、杀人鲸)orcinusorca、海豚、中华白海豚、

    领航鲸科巨头鲸(领航鲸黑圆头鲸)globicephameena、大吻领航鲸、长肢领航鲸、短肢领航鲸、瓜头鲸、北极虎鲸、伪虎鲸pseudorcacrassidens、侏虎鲸。

    ·鼠海豚科phocaenidae如:江豚neophocaenaphocaenoides

    ·一角鲸科monodontidae如:一角鲸(独角鲸、角鲸)monodonmonoceros、白鲸delphinapterusleucas,(注:伊河豚(短吻海豚)orcaelbrevirostris也归入此科。)

    ·喙鲸科hyperoodontidae如:布氏长喙鲸mesoplodondensirostris

    ·抹香鲸科physeteridae如:抹香鲸physetercatodon

    ·小抹香鲸科kogiidae如:小抹香鲸kogiabreviceps、倭抹香鲸kogiasimus

    须鲸(学名:baenoptera)是须鲸类动物总称,体长约为15~20米,体重25吨左右。全世界现生的种类一共是15种,中国发现的有9种,像蓝鲸、长须鲸、大翅鲸(座头鲸)、露脊鲸、灰鲸等,都是哺乳类海洋生物。体形细长。背部黑色,腹部白色,交界线波状或云状,过渡区呈灰色。鳍肢和尾鳍的下面为灰色。背鳍呈镰刀形,向后倾斜。每侧的须板为300~400枚,为黑色,故称“黑板须鲸”。喷出的水柱又高又细,垂直。

    须鲸类动物的体形巨大,最小的种类体长也大于6米。口

    中没有牙齿,只有在胚胎发育时可以看到退化的牙齿,但上颌左右两侧的腭部至咽部各生有150—400枚呈梳齿状排列的角质须。须的颜色、形状和数目因种类的不同而有差异,是进行分类的重要依据之一。外鼻孔有2个,位于头顶,呼吸换气时可以喷出两股水柱。头骨极大,有的种类可达体长的1/3,左右对称。颈椎愈合或者分离。胸骨较小,仅有1到2对肋骨与胸骨相连接,胸廓不完全。没有锁骨。鳍肢一般具4指,消化道中具有盲肠。

    须鲸的牙齿犹如巨大的毛发,与面部的绝大多数毛发一样。它们的“毛牙”能够捕获猎物。[1]

    领航鲸科巨头鲸(领航鲸黑圆头鲸)globicephameena、大吻领航鲸、长肢领航鲸、短肢领航鲸、瓜头鲸、北极虎鲸、伪虎鲸pseudorcacrassidens、侏虎鲸。

    ·鼠海豚科phocaenidae如:江豚neophocaenaphocaenoides

    ·一角鲸科monodontidae如:一角鲸(独角鲸、角鲸)monodonmonoceros、白鲸delphinapterusleucas,(注:伊河豚(短吻海豚)orcaelbrevirostris也归入此科。)

    ·喙鲸科hyperoodontidae如:布氏长喙鲸mesoplodondensirostris

    ·抹香鲸科physeteridae如:抹香鲸physetercatodon

    ·小抹香鲸科kogiidae如:小抹香鲸kogiabreviceps、倭抹香鲸kogiasimus

    须鲸(学名:baenoptera)是须鲸类动物总称,体长约为15~20米,体重25吨左右。全世界现生的种类一共是15种,中国发现的有9种,像蓝鲸、长须鲸、大翅鲸(座头鲸)、露脊鲸、灰鲸等,都是哺乳类海洋生物。体形细长。背部黑色,腹部白色,交界线波状或云状,过渡区呈灰色。鳍肢和尾鳍的下面为灰色。背鳍呈镰刀形,向后倾斜。每侧的须板为300~400枚,为黑色,故称“黑板须鲸”。喷出的水柱又高又细,垂直。

    须鲸类动物的体形巨大,最小的种类体长也大于6米。口须鲸类动物的体形巨大,最小的种类体长也大于6米。口

    中没有牙齿,只有在胚胎发育时可以看到退化的牙齿,但上颌左右两侧的腭部至咽部各生有150—400枚呈梳齿状排列的角质须。须的颜色、形状和数目因种类的不同而有差异,是进行分类的重要依据之一。外鼻孔有2个,位于头顶,呼吸换气时可以喷出两股水柱。头骨极大,有的种类可达体长的1/3,左右对称。颈椎愈合或者分离。胸骨较小,仅有1到2对肋骨与胸骨相连接,胸廓不完全。没有锁骨。鳍肢一般具4指,消化道中具有盲肠。

    须鲸的牙齿犹如巨大的毛发,与面部的绝大多数毛发一样。它们的“毛牙”能够捕获猎物。[1](未完待续。)

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