第420章 换了人间之二:降官们(3)明 清衰亡之辩(下)(1 / 2)

说到明国,洪承畴应该最有发言权了,众人都看向他。

洪承畴也是一幅“非我莫属”的模样,他站了起来,先向尼堪施了一礼,然后侃侃而谈。

“治国之道,无非官、兵、民。官者,筹划方略,居中调度支应;兵者,对外,守护疆界,对内,弹压反叛;民者,农工商是也,尤以农者为重”

“若是顺天应命,阴阳调和,三者各安其命,各守其责,自当国泰民安,外可御敌于外,内可垂拱而治”

“大明……明国近来多有不顺,外有建州作乱,辽东一地便拿去了军饷的一半,更兼天灾人祸不断,大旱、瘟疫此起彼伏,导致饷源减少、断绝”

“乱民趁机啸聚,官府在弹压之时,多有不当之处,或过于苛厉,或过于宽柔,导致镇而复叛,叛而复镇,终成燎原之势”

“明国兵卒,苦于无饷无粮,岂能全力以赴?饶是如此,官军依旧比贼寇强大,但终究埋下隐患,有的深受国恩却并无忠君爱国之心,明明有灭尽贼寇之力,事到临头却纷纷留有一线,导致贼寇始终不能剿灭”

“先是陕西,再是山西,接着便是中原一带,贼寇久不能除,耕种之事便随之荒废,没有耕种,哪有钱粮供饷?当此时,朝廷应当稍稍缓减一二,可惜依旧苛厉如常,此种情形之下,便有更多的农户投入贼寇营伍”

“总之,这几年,朝廷外有建州之患,在辽东耗费了大量的军力、钱粮而一无所获,内有天灾人祸,导致流寇日益做大,朝廷上下皆有举止失措之责”

“没了?”,尼堪点点头,微笑着看着他,洪承畴一愣,心想,“难道皇上并不满意?”

于是又补充了几句,“明国皇帝刚厉乖张,喜怒无常,作为他的臣子,晚上还是好端端的,第二日上朝后还不知晓能不能活着回来,登基后没有几年,内阁、督抚换了不知凡几,政纲也是无端变换,上下都莫衷一是,如此用人、施政,岂有长治久安之势?”

尼堪让他坐下了,又看向其他人,这里面,除了洪承畴,也只有姚恭有发言权了。

没想到的是,当他听到洪承畴最后对崇祯帝的评价后却有些不忿,他倏地站了起来,先是向尼堪施了一礼,接着便大声说道:“学生的想法倒是与洪大人不同”

“自从皇帝登基之后,宵衣旰食,夙兴夜寐,不能说不是一个好皇帝,有些事情确实操切了一些,不过国势艰危如此,总有一二苛厉急切之处,也尚属情有可原”

“可恨那些文武百官,一个个都将名家经典,圣人教诲抛之脑后,一门心思都是为了保住自己抑或门人弟子的官位,就算不做官了,也是保住家产、妻妾、子女为上,没有半点忠君爱国之心,士绅都是如此,遑论其他?”

“故此,士绅牵一发而动全身,彼等如此,又岂能苛求农户、军户、商户?”

尼堪插道:“按照你的意思,是因为官员的品行败坏而引发了整个国家的崩坏?”

姚恭答道:“这是根本,当然了,天灾人祸不断也是外因之一,不过如今没了建州之患,国家没了后顾之忧,长江一线尚有不少精锐,若是能有一名文武双全、威望素著的大帅统领,贼寇再强也不是国家的对手”

接下来,马鸣佩、王文奎等人,包括大夏国自己的官员也纷纷发表看法,说到一二精妙之处,尼堪也不时点头称赞。

最后,尼堪站了起来。

“朕的看法却与你等颇有不同”

圆润、厚重的声音立时回荡在房间里,所有的人都安静下来。

“按照我大夏曾在大明工部、户部任过职的孙秀节的说法,到崇祯帝登基之时,整个国家还有上亿的人口,上亿啊”

尼堪的声音隐隐有些激动,在他手里若是有上亿的人口,别的不说,整个新大陆全部占下来都不成问题。

“若说天灾人祸,可整个江南、湖广一带大致维持了平静,何况,自从张太岳变革之后,整个国库充盈,外面还有戚继光、李成梁这样的足以名垂青史的名将镇守疆域,何况,大明的税赋太半来自江南,直到目前,江南之地并没有大的天灾人祸”

“为何还崩坏至此?”

“以朕来看,任何事物,大到像抵御外患、平定流贼这样的大事,小到种地、打铁这样的日常小事,一旦出了问题,必须要抽丝剥茧,一层层掰扯明白”

“故此,明国败坏,表象是长江以北之地赤地千里,灾祸连连,但无论是流贼、旱灾,还是瘟疫,都逃不过一个字”

“何字?钱也,以朕来看,明国就亏在这个钱字上,国库空虚,导致缺兵缺饷,何以抵御外患?何以平定流寇?”

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