第164章 【曲辕犁和翻车】(2 / 2)

汉代耕犁已基本定形,但汉代的犁是长直辕犁,耕地时回头转弯不够灵活,起土费力,效率不很高,魏延有鉴于此,便按照穿越前的印象画出了曲辕犁,督促马钧、黄月英他们把它制造出来。 </p>

曲辕犁操作时犁身可摆动,富有机动性,便于深耕,且轻巧柔便,利于回旋,其次是增加了犁评和犁建,如推进犁评,可使犁箭向下,犁铧入土则深,若提起犁评,使犁箭向上,犁铧入土则浅,将曲辕犁的犁评、犁箭和犁建三者有机地结合使用,便可适应深耕或浅耕的不同要求,并能使调节耕地深浅规范化,便于精耕细作。犁壁不仅能碎土,而且可将翻耕的土推到一侧,减少耕犁前进的阻力。 </p>

曲辕犁的结构完备成熟,轻便省力,历经宋、元、明、清各代,耕犁的结构没有明显的变化,即便他穿越前,在某些农村依然能见到曲辕犁。 </p>

经过农夫们的评定,马钧工场的曲辕犁更为完备,便以马钧工场的试制品加以改善,开始大规模地制作曲辕犁,推向整个大汉。 </p>

对于这种能够改善整个大汉民族生产力的发明,魏延从不藏私。 </p>

当然,他更倾向于,马钧工场以及附属工场们把这些曲辕犁制作出来,卖给其他势力或世家。 </p>

这曲辕犁直接把这个时代的耕作技术提高了四百年。 </p>

魏延又花了一个图,交给马钧和黄月英。 </p>

这一次,马钧又提前完成,因为,那是他历史上本就做过的翻车。 </p>

在此之前,东汉中平三年(公元186年),毕岚曾制造翻车,用于取河水洒路,但那时的翻车还比较粗糙,大抵应该说是乡村历代通用的龙骨水车的前身。 </p>

那一世,此后过了好多年,马钧当时在魏国作一个小官,经常住在京城洛阳,当时在洛阳城里,有一大块坡地非常适合种蔬菜,老百姓很想把这块土地开辟成菜园,可惜因无法引水浇地,一直空闲着。马钧看到后,就下决心要解决灌溉上的困难。于是他又在机械上动脑筋。经过反复研究、试验,他终于创造出一种翻车,把河里的水引上了土坡,实现了老百姓的多年愿望。马钧创适的这种翻车,“其巧百倍于常”,用时极其轻便,连小孩也能转动。它不但能提水,而且还能在雨涝的时候向外排水。可见进步之多,功效之高。这种翻车,是当时世界上最先进的生产工具之一,从那时起,一直被乡村历代所沿用,直至实现电动机械提水以前,它一直发挥着巨大的作用。 </p>

翻车的构造是,车身用三块板拼成矩形长槽,槽两端各架一链轮,以龙骨叶板作链条,穿过长槽;车身斜置在水边,下链轮和长槽的一部分浸入水中,在岸上的链轮为主动轮;主动轮的轴较长,两端各带拐木四根;人靠在架上,踏动拐木,驱动上链轮,叶板沿槽刮水上升,到槽端将水排出,再沿长槽上方返回水中。如此循环,连续把水送到岸上。 </p>

魏延的图画得很差,但架不住马钧有【发明】特技,再集合着麾下工匠的集体智慧,不出七天,翻车应运而生,自此,每个乡村都逐渐有了翻车,农业生产效率得到极大提高,不再只是靠天收。 </p>

翻车的意义比曲辕犁还大,因为这个时代,正值小冰川时期,普遍干旱少雨,这时,灌溉更为重要,翻车让大汉民众都如获至宝。 </p>

黄月英两战皆输,但她并没有气馁,终于,她在一个本来马钧稳赢的项目上,赢了马钧。</p>

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