第二百六十章 兵制(1 / 2)

范仲淹见当今官家登基,几乎把庆历新政都推行了,便起身说道:“官家!臣以为我朝兵制太过于损耗钱粮,臣以为应该恢复成唐朝的府兵制!”

韩琦出言道:“官家!早年臣就反对恢复府兵制度,现今依然持反对意见,我朝的募兵制并非一无是处,而唐朝的府兵制非但不是什么灵丹妙药,反而其弊端甚至远远超过募兵制。”

在春秋时期,国家征兵只是针对于世家子弟中的男丁。但是随着战事的发展,这已经无法满足国家战争的需要。于是便开始向普通大众征壮丁,但是这些从普通百姓中征来的壮丁,并没有军饷可拿,甚至于粮食和武器的问题也需要他们自行解决。

同时这些从普通百姓中走出来的壮丁,如果在战争结束后,他们依旧还存活于这个世界,那么接下来的时间他们并不是继续接受军事操练,而是回家继续种田,即从普通百姓中走出来的士兵,并没有专门的军事训练,作战能力相较于正规军是非常低下的。

府兵制起源于西魏,至唐玄宗天宝年间结束。

而府兵制该制度最重要的特点是兵农合一。府兵平时为耕种土地的农民,农隙训练,战时从军打仗。府兵参战武器和马匹自备,全国都有负责府兵选拔训练的折冲府。由西魏权臣宇文泰建于大统年间,历北周、隋至唐初期而日趋完备,唐太宗时期达到鼎盛,唐玄宗天宝年间停废,历时约二百年。

自唐五代以后,募兵制取代征兵制,为封建时代兵制的一大变革。宋朝不论禁兵、厢兵,还是南宋的屯驻大军等,一般都采用招募的办法。灾年招募流民和饥民当兵,是宋朝一项传统国策。统治者认为,将壮健者招募当兵后,老弱者就不可能揭竿反抗,这是防止灾年爆发农民起义的对策。

招募军伍子弟,也成为宋朝重要兵源。此外,健壮的罪犯也刺配当兵,特别是充当厢兵。在兵源枯竭的情况下,统治者也往往强行抓夫,给民间造成很大的骚扰和痛苦。

宋仁宗庆历新政期间,范仲淹等人提出的“修武备”一项,就是要将宋朝实行的募兵制恢复成唐朝的府兵制。

但没想到的是第一个站出来反对的人就是韩琦。

眼下范仲淹重新提出府兵制,目的是为了减少朝廷财政的压力,可此一时彼一时,大宋朝的财政已经可以养活大宋上百万军队了。

兵部左侍郎王拱臣出言道:“官家!唐朝当年实行府兵制,服兵役的百姓连年戍边,父子兄弟有生离死别之苦,我朝太祖皇帝为了减轻百姓的痛苦,通过招募的方式,把那些游散之徒、流窜之寇聚拢在一起,为国效命于疆场,若逢灾年还广纳饥民,臣以为我朝只需继续实行下去,不用再做更改。”

赵昕不得不佩服宋太宗祖的眼光,因为历史事实证明,这样做的好处是显而易见的,即解决了朝廷的兵源问题,又能消弭社会上的不安因素,还可以让良民保骨肉相聚之乐,可以说是牺牲了一小批,幸福千万家。

府兵制和募兵制哪个好,赵昕自然是最清楚的。

赵昕看了一眼众臣,忽然吟诵道:“暮投石壕村,有吏夜捉人。老翁逾墙走,老妇出门看。吏呼一何怒!妇啼一何苦。听妇前致词,三男邺城戍。一男附书至,二男新战死。存者且偷生,死者长已矣!室中更无人,惟有乳下孙。有孙母未去,出入无完裙。老妪力虽衰,请从吏夜归。急应河阳役,犹得备晨炊。夜久语声绝,如闻泣幽咽。天明登前途,独与老翁别!”

赵昕当堂将杜甫的《石壕吏》吟诵了出来,已经告诉了朝臣们他的态度。

“朕认为我朝太祖创立的募兵制远远优于唐朝的府兵制,最重要的是,我大宋的财政到今日,已经不似先帝朝时的捉襟见肘,完全可以养得起大宋朝庞大的军队,朕在此当着文武百官的面立下誓言:只要朕在位一天,就不会允许像石壕吏中那种惨绝人寰的景象发生,官府上门抓人充军,我大宋绝不会有这么一天的。”

赵昕看着文武百官,斩钉截铁的说道。

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