第二百一十节 四大家鱼(1 / 2)

临高启明 吹牛者 1649 字 2022-11-20

想到关有德以前是“装家”,陈五仁又问起鱼花的事情来:“关兄,我听说九江的鱼花皆从西海(西江)装捞,为何不直接售于造家入塘饲养?何需经装家之手?”

关有德道:“老先生果然是心思细密之人,疍户捞上来的鱼花不纯,其中各色鱼种皆有,切不可随意混养,否则一塘之内恐无遗类。装家之功在于将疍户捞的鱼花分类撇开,只留鲩、鲢、鳙、鲮,称为四大家鱼。”

如何将鱼花分开,这自然就是装家的秘密了,多为装家世代传袭,秘不示人。

作为本地人,陈五仁对四大家鱼的概念还是有的。唐朝之前,渔民养殖的品种主要是鲤鱼,由于唐朝皇帝姓李,李鲤同音,而以“鲤”象征皇族,不能捕,不能卖。因此,渔民不得不寻找新的养殖品种,鲩就是草鱼;鲢就是鲢鱼,也叫白鲢;鲢则是大头鱼,也叫花鲢;与长江流域不同,九江乡民不养青鱼,而是养俗称土鲮、鲮公的鲮鱼,这是华南地区特有的品种。到了明初,四大家鱼配合养殖已经非常成熟。

“倘若我族养鱼,一亩之塘当畜鱼多少?”陈五仁问。

跟在一起的钟吉听着这等弱智问题,笑道:“凡池一亩,畜鲩三十,鲢百二十,鳙五十,土鲮千余尾。”

“为何土鲮之数相差如此悬殊?”发问的是天地会广州地区的推广经理林成文,他印象中临高可不是这么养的。

钟吉道:“兄台有所不知,常言道;‘鲮鱼不可养’,鲮鱼喜热,难以越冬,到秋冬季则十不存一,不越冬则不肥,不肥则价贱。”

“哦?四大家鱼卖价还不一样?”陈五仁问。

“每年略有不同,但总而言之,价以鳙、鲢贵,因其易长而不费草。鲮难长、少有重至一斤者,又必历冬寒才肥,而鲩费草,故价贱。”钟吉答道。

“鲩费草多少?”林成文问。

“每鲩百尾,日需草百斤。鲩食草,而鳙、鲢食草之胶液,或鲩之粪亦可肥。”钟吉道。

作为天地会的干部,林成文在临高接触过澹水鱼养殖,他知道鲢鱼和鳙鱼都是滤食鱼,一般用鳃滤取水中的浮游生物,也喜欢食用豆饼、麦麸等饲料,由于肥沃的水体滋生更多的浮游生物,因此这两种鱼喜欢追逐肥沃的水体,常在水中上层活动。草鱼属于植食性鱼类,主要吃草,也吃部分谷物、豆饼、蚕蛹、蚯引等,喜欢在水的中下层游荡觅食。土鲮最小,属于杂食性鱼类,常常食用高等植物的碎屑、底部的腐殖质,往往活动在水体的中下层。

水中层的草鱼留下的大量食物碎屑和粪便,是浮游生物的绝佳养料,大量繁殖的浮游生物又给鲢鲢提供了大量的食物,底层的土鲮则对上、中层鱼的食物残渣进行最后的清扫。后三者的存在使得食物残渣、浮游生物不能大量富集,保证了鱼塘水质清新。不同水层的鱼追逐食物,搅动水体,又增加了水中的溶解氧。因此,四大家鱼的配合养殖是农业技术史上的一次巨大飞跃,对有限的水体进行了较为彻底的利用。

陈五仁问钟吉:“不知买夏花当如何运回香山?”

钟吉道:“香山少有耕种家,鱼市少,老先生当雇人运回。卖于近处的,则鱼花大,卖于远处的,则鱼花小。陆行者挑以两箩,悠扬其肩,力使箩或上或下,激荡其水作波澜,使鱼如在池塘中,又行二三里,沉箩于河,以换新水,则鱼得其性。若水行者,则以鱼花舟载鱼,舟旁两水车昼夜转水,使新水入舟,而宿水不留,然后鱼花不病。九江至香山水运便利,老先生既是大户人家,当以水运为佳。若是向我预订,我可代先生寻一鱼花舟送至贵乡。”

“哦?鱼花现在是何价格?”

“其实鱼花与成鱼的价格差不多,”钟吉伸出右手四根手指,道:“每百斤鳙、鲢四两银子,鲩二两,鲮一两。”

考察组又不是真要买鱼花,陈五仁听了打起哈哈来,“夏花上市尚有些时日,不急不急,待我返乡安排挑基,事成之时定来寻钟兄。”

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