朱子之理,将西汉初年的道家与儒家结合了起来。何者为理,理着道也。
先秦及以后,士子特别是贤良文学多厌恶道家,一大根源在于道生法。循天道办事,必在人间立法。道家难免转变为法家。天道远而人道近,何苦舍近求远呢?当然,更关键是没有谁能保证自己掌握了天道,当世之人还无法验证天道。
这种一个人的天道,最终也难免党同伐异。
然而,这不是天道的问题,是当世之人不张我演绎与归纳两大求证天道工具的问题。
在先秦之时,法家上台,何以百姓苦不堪言。其根源在于,法家的法与道家的道不是同一个东西。法家的法是一个人的道,往往也随一个人的生平而波动。
天道无穷,一个人的道如何能认作天道。这也是所有法家治国,最终难免皇族、君臣内乱收场。以一人之法夺千万人之道,怎么会不失败呢?
贤良文学往后前年正式借用前秦的法家污蔑了“法”这个概念,并混淆法家的法与道生法的法,从而导致天道无法,天道不昌。
历史从周朝的青铜走向秦的黑铁花费800年,而正式由于贤良文学的干扰,导致冶铁从汉朝截止大明一直是历朝最强工艺。历时已近两千余年。
贤良文学无疑是成功的,从减缓天道的发展速度来减轻统治的难度,又通过治乱循环来清理一大批不适合管理的人,从而使自己永不落伍。
哪怕是朱子提出理学,修补了贤良文学中道的缺失。但朱子本人在南宋都不得重用,早早就被束之高阁,其理论怎么可能会得道大范围应用。只敬仰朱子之学却不敬仰朱子本人,甚至朱子的亲传弟子也鲜有长期入政为官的。所以,南宋的行为,有几分符合朱子之理呢?学南宋是学不来朱子的,只会学成朱子所批判的反面教材。
宋灭之后,元朝祸患江南,搜山检海,正义之士十不存一。到太祖披荆斩棘再造华夏时,天下能识字的读书人都是极少的。何况能正确理解理学的呢?
于是乎,又有人以人道替换天道,理学则沦为人理之学,格物不涉及天道,则格物不过是一句虚言。理学再一次被贤良文学派掌握,朱子之理则孔孟之儒再次被鸠占鹊巢,指鹿为马。
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