0312【水性该讲物理】(1 / 2)

北宋穿越指南 王梓钧 1548 字 2023-09-30

“莫要喧哗!”

朱铭扫视一眼学生,再看向吕渭,问道:“若以水性比人性,那水性是什么?”

吕渭说道:“水性就下。”

“水往低处流,真是水性?”朱铭质问,“煮沸之后,水汽蒸腾上升,怎不往低处走?”

吕渭说道:“水汽上升,是受热所致。便如舀水往上泼,受力向上,但最终还是要落下。水汽冷了,也会落下来。”

朱铭再问:“水银也往低处流,铁水也往低处流。既以水性比人性,为何不能用水银、铁水来比人?”

吕渭说道:“水银、铁水也带水字,可以思之,此二者往低处流,亦是其水性所致。”

“油呢?”朱铭问道,“油与水不容,不会也带水性吧?”

“嗯……”

吕渭有些词穷,不知该如何回应。

朱铭穷追猛打:“油也就下,油性为何不能比作人性?”

吕渭开始认真思考。

朱铭又说:“《孟子》的这一段,与其下一段,是自相矛盾的。孟子说,白羽与白雪都是白,白犬与白牛也是白。但白犬之性,不能说是白牛之性。白牛之性,也不能说是白人之性。孟子所言,无非不能以共性为个性。既如此,孟子为何又要将水性比作人性?”

不止吕渭感到迷茫,教室里的学生也迷糊起来。

因为孟子的上下文,在自己打自己的脸。这很难被人发现,属于辩论时的常用招数,把话题引入自己的预设立场。

朱铭微笑:“白犬、白牛、白人,都是白的,此共性也。但狗吃屎,牛吃草,人吃粮食,当然不一样。孟子说,人性之善,如水之就下。但人性是人性,水性是水性,怎能拿来类比?”

“孟子的本意,是在驳斥告子。因为告子以水性比人性,所以孟子才那样驳斥。”

“如果告子不用水举例而是用油举例。孟子在驳斥的时候,肯定会说,人性之善,如油之就下。”

“尔等读书之时,不能盯着只言片语,应当理解孟子为何那样说。而不是把孟子之言,放诸四海皆准。在这里是对的,放诸四海就是错的。”

吕渭已经不敢随便乱说,而是问道:“阁下认同告子之言?”

“我认同告子作甚?告子说的话,漏洞百出,所以才被孟子驳得难以招架,”朱铭微笑道,“告子说,食色性也。食色真是本性吗?食色就如白犬、白马的白,它只是一种表象。”

“人之好吃,是为了饱腹,不吃东西要饿肚子。人之好色,是为了繁衍,不好色怎有子孙?”

“饱腹与繁衍,才是性。食色,只是情而已。”

“性太极,情阴阳。饱腹与繁衍,便如太极,不分阴阳,不辨好坏。吃吃喝喝,娶妻生子,人之常情,也是天理。每餐必大鱼大肉、铺张浪费,见到美人就非要娶回家,甚至觊觎别人的娇妻美妾,这是恶情,也是人欲。”

吕渭冥思苦想,已经不知道该怎么接话,因为孟子自己就没讲明白。

朱铭对学生们说:“孔子只说性相近、习相远,并未谈论人性善恶。荀子说性恶,孟子说性善,其实都一样。荀子的本意是去恶,孟子的本意是向善,殊途同归而已。我几年前写了一片蒙文人之初,性本善,性相近,习相远。这是引导孩童向善,但真要治学,人性是很难讲清楚的。”

吕渭还在默诵《孟子·告子》全篇,试图找出性善论的确切证据。

朱铭却站起来:“今天便来讲讲水性为何就下。可有人看过《道用策·物理篇》?请举手。”

瞬间就有十多人举手。

“很好,”朱铭赞许点头,“就下不是水性,万物皆如此。便是飞鸟,不振翅的时候也会往下落。大地仿佛磁石,吸引万事万物,不妨叫它万有引力。因此,就下不是水性,而是万物体现出来的通性。假使有一天,大地不再吸引万物,这就下的通性便没有了。”

“水、油、水银、铁水、金水……这些可以流动的物体,姑且称它们为液体。它们往低处流,是因为万有引力。它们的共性不是就下,而是可以流动。”

“水受热蒸腾为水汽,水受冷凝结为坚冰。我们可以做一个大胆推测,万物是否会有三种状态?冰是固态,水是液态,水汽是气态。”

“大胆推测,还要小心求证。铁是固态,加热可为液态铁水,再加热是否蒸腾为铁汽?可惜,以现有的冶炼炉,还没那么高的温度。而水银加热,也会沸腾,也会变成水银汽。那让水银足够受冷,是否能变成固态水银呢?”

“不论如何,我们可以知道,水有三种状态。铁已经有固态和液态,而水银有液态和气态……”

吕渭已经给整迷糊了,不是在讨论性善性恶吗?怎么跑去扯这些内容?

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