一百五十七章木炭(1 / 2)

木炭是木材或木质原料经过不完全的燃烧,或者在隔绝空气的条件下热解,所残留的深褐色或黑色多孔固体燃料。是保持木材原来构造和孔内残留焦油的不纯的无定形碳。

在古代青铜器的冶炼和铁器的冶炼都必须要用到木炭。

现如今由于我疯狂的铸币计划,肥前木炭价格飞涨,虽然我已经委托了城下町的商人进行委托购买一些优质木炭,但是购买木炭也需要花费不小的开支。

本着能自己动手绝不去花钱买的原则,我准备自己烧制木炭。

于是我召集了城下町懂得木炭烧制的工匠,并且将烧制木炭需要的所有原材料,都准备好之后,我开始了烧炭计划。

等第一批木炭烧出来,这时候,我才发现我碰到了一个难题。

原因在于我准备烧制的,是白炭,而这个时代绝大多数工匠会烧的,只是黑炭,会烧制白炭的工匠是少之又少,整个肥前竟然没有找到会烧制白炭的工匠!

白炭也叫白木炭,是木炭的一种,和普通的木炭相比,白炭和黑炭的区别在于:白炭是高温木炭,碳化温度700℃以上的木炭称为高温木炭,而白炭的碳化温度则是高达2000℃。

其实白炭也并不是一个种类,白炭只是烧制的木炭表面有一层白色的粉末,开始是白色的,所以才被叫做白炭。

区别于普通的木炭烧制,白炭烧制需要炭窑。

烧制白炭的窑就是“白炭窑”,是一种高温木炭窑,建造材料为砖、石材或粘土就可以。白炭窑的地点最好是选在距离木炭原料比较近的地方,而且地势要高,不能是洼地或沼泽地等,另外最好是地势较平的地方建窑,方便装窑出炭。

白炭窑的结构一般用长形窑,后世最常用的白炭窑长度一般为5-10米,宽度1.5米,高度1-2米左右,开5个侧门和一个正门(装木头用的),窑体为粘土夯制或砖砌,窑顶为粘土成型或砖券。

烧制白炭的步骤也很简单:将裁切好的木材按长短不同从窑体最低处开始装,木头全部立起来装,一直装到装窑门处为止。将装窑门和5个侧门用砖全部砌起来,用黄泥抹平防止漏气。从窑体最低处的燃烧室开始点窑,不间断放入木柴进行窑内木材干燥和碳化。当窑内温度超过80度后即开始碳化过程,到了200℃的时候窑内的木柴就会开始着火,这时就要停下燃烧室的加温过程,并且将燃烧室砌起来,留下1-2个进气口。当窑内温度上升至1200度左右时开始打开侧门炼炭,将木炭窑温度提升至2000摄氏度左右,然后用工具将炼制好的木炭从窑内拉出,然后迅速用沙土掩埋,强制冷却。大约30分钟左右,沙土掩埋的木炭就熄灭冷却了,这时可以将其从沙土中检出,这就是白炭。

地点的话,经过我几天的研究,决定将炭窑建在西北方的高城上。

原因在于高城山的西面便是巨势川,我可以在巨势川上安排一个船,待白炭烧制完成后,直接运下山来,走水路顺流而下,来到距离佐嘉城最近的地方卸下,再由陆路运过来。

这样一来比单纯的陆路可以节省很多的成本。

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