第三百八十章 学问(1 / 2)

苏厨 二子从周 1335 字 2022-04-26

第三百八十章学问

说完笑道:“总之关蜀两学,还是有不少相通之处的,元素以阴阳相合,成为化合物,这也是得到证明了的。”

“同样的,我们也认为,任何事物,都有其正负两面性,这个理论转换到刚刚先生的问题上,同样存在。”

“世上没有绝对的君子,也没有绝对的小人。一位君子,可能私德有差,可能不近人情。”

“而一个小人,却可能人人觉得可亲,可能是一个好父亲,好丈夫。”

“各派儒学皆重经世,蜀学却更重致用。”

“眉山的发展,很大程度上得益于工学的成就,因此形成的理论,必然带上墨家的一些色彩。”

“蜀中文人好文辞,因此名家之说,也吸收不少。”

“天竺因明说的的翻译,在晋代便已完成,龙老结合大理实际,更是阐述得明白。”

“商业繁荣发达,因此合同极多,养成了眉山人善讼的风气。”

“所有这些东西加上儒家本宗,十多年发展下来,形成了一套关于思维规律的学问,并将之应用到生产实践当中。”

“这套学问,是蜀学的一个重要分支,是一个严密的体系。”

“但是因它最初更多的表现在语言和文字的处理上,因此叫辑问之学。又因其如网周密,故而以逻修饰,称为——逻辑。”

张载问道:“能否举个例子说明一下这门学问?”

苏油笑道:“大苏曾经在大相国寺与道隆大和尚打机锋,大苏问道隆:佛祖万能否?”

“和尚答曰:然。”

“大苏又问:然佛祖能造其不能举之巨石否?”

张载有些朦朦胧胧的感觉到一些东西:“若佛祖能举巨石,则第二问不成立,若佛祖不能,则第一句不成立。第一句与第二句,形成了一个……悖论。明润,若你是和尚,该如何回答?”

苏油说道:“按照逻辑归纳来说,两个假设形成悖论,则必有一不为真,一二问中,任一问为否,则逻辑假设成立。因此和尚大可以换一种说法:佛非万能,然差近也。”

张载恍然:“果真如此。”

苏油笑道:“当然这是逻辑学的正解,大和尚是高人,因此他用了另一句话来回答大苏。”

张载问道:“什么话?”

“道隆大和尚笑答道:‘和尚所言,尽是诳语。’”

张载也是聪明人,一下抓住了关窍:“这也是一句逻辑悖论!如果和尚说的全是假话,那他这句话就成了真话,不成立。如果和尚说的不是假话,那他说了真话的事实,同样否定了这句话的内容!道隆和尚,机锋当真厉害!”

苏油继续说道:“不过这是他们俩在玩禅机了。总之经过这么长时间的发展,这套学问,已经渐渐脱离了诡辩之途。而是引入了天师道医学的一个名词——辩证。从因明,上升到了辩证。”

“辩证逻辑的三条原则,即对立统一、否定之否定、量质互变。”

“另外有五个维度,即原因、主次、一般与特殊、相对与绝对、整体与局部。”

“这是五个对立冲突的一体两面,与先生你关于炁的阐述完全一致——一物两体,动必有机。”

“不过多了一点——冲突中发展。”

“这样的对立冲突,我们采用了《韩非子》中‘以子之矛,攻子之盾’的典故,将之称为‘矛盾’。”

“辩证逻辑,就是用矛盾来论述问题的逻辑。在方法上,辩证逻辑要求用全面的、发展的、联系的、矛盾的观点看待问题,要求具体问题具体分析,要求明确讨论问题的前提范畴,主张确定的范畴下,有确定的真理。”

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