284 止巫遏佛彭城事(2 / 2)

三国之最风流 赵子曰 1789 字 2023-03-31

荀贞说过此事,看了眼糜竺,笑问道:“子仲,吾闻君颇信巫祝?”

徐州旧为齐楚地,齐多方士,楚盛巫祝,其民受此影响,至今信道崇巫者仍众,太平道的经典《太平经》就是脱胎於齐人甘忠可所作之《包元太平经》,蜀中五斗米道的创始人张陵,其家原在沛国,邻彭城。糜竺虽仪态雍容,却非纯儒,非常相信巫祝之术。

信仰是个人的事情,如是往常,荀贞大概不会理会,但现下糜竺为彭城丞,他个人的信仰有可能就会牵涉到政治中,所以荀贞借此单独召见糜竺的机会,发言询问。

糜竺不知荀贞何意,惶恐答道:“竺愚昧,巫祝小道,固不足信。竺自今当改之。”

荀贞笑道:“信与否,君自家事也。唯君今为郡丞,佐长吏而牧一国,言行当慎。岂不闻楚王好细腰乎?浮屠入中国,王公贵人,楚王最先好之,国人信者遂多,延传至今,乃有故彭城相缪宇崇佛,费以千万计,又至笮融,大兴佛事,荼毒百姓,君宜以此为鉴。”

糜竺下拜说道:“竺归家,便尽逐巫祝士!”

荀贞问糜竺的信仰,既是为提醒他不要因此而影响了郡内的风气,也是因为准备要在州中传檄一道,以扭转、遏制现下州内,特别是彭城、下邳等地的民间崇佛之风。

楚王刘英以来,江淮流域已经成为佛教信仰最为兴盛的地区,佛经如今正是根据江淮,然后辗转向北以及江南传播。相比太平道、五斗米道,佛教没有反抗精神,适合麻痹百姓,从统治角度来说,没有必要取缔此教,可现今战乱,民力宝贵,不事生产的佛教徒就不能过多。

荀贞说道:“方今战乱,民力艰难,笮融昔於下邳免好佛者劳役,达数千户,常供衣食,费以巨亿计,此败灭之道也。汉家自有故事,我欲重申旧令,禁汉人出家,君意可否?”

佛教在传入中国的初期,朝廷有诏令:唯听西域人得立寺都邑以奉其人,其汉人皆不得出家。但随着楚王刘英等一批达官贵人信奉此道之后,民间信者日多,影响越来越大,发展到最后,流入宫中,连天子都供奉之,如桓帝就“设华盖以祠浮屠、老子”,此诏令也就不了了之。

徐州境内出家的汉人不少,尤以彭城、下邳为多。光和年间,与安息国居士安玄共译《法镜经》等,并於中平五年在洛阳撰《沙弥十慧章句》的著名僧人严佛调就是下邳人。

闻得荀贞欲重申“汉人不得出家”的旧令,糜竺反正信的是巫祝,不是浮屠,当然没有异议。他说道:“彭城崇浮屠之风虽不如下邳盛,然信奉此道的民家亦有不少。将军檄令下处,竺必遵行,务使郡内无复有汉人出家者。”顿了下,迟疑问道,“县中稍有浮屠祠,以及已出家者,不知该如何办置?又有胡僧在境的,逐否?敢请明将军示下。”

“县有浮屠祠多者,可留一,余皆除破之;民已出家者,或令还俗,或倍其家赋役。至若胡僧,愿留者,任之留,不愿留者,从其便。”

由西域来中国的胡僧不少,洛阳兴战,很多都离洛避乱,著名的如安息人安世高、月氏人支谦、祖为胡人的释昙谛等,或至徐而停,或南下扬州。今在徐州的胡僧虽无甚特别知名的,然亦稍有。

糜竺应道:“诺。”

大凡举政,必虑及多面,荀贞令破浮屠祠,不止是为遏制民间的崇佛之风,也是为日后招降黄巾做一个宗教上的准备。浮屠初入国内,被国人视为另一种形式的神仙方术,被当作是黄老的附庸,有“或言老子入夷狄为浮屠”之说,浮屠即佛,许多信众是佛道双修,刘英即是,桓帝亦然,而随着发展,佛教已经开始脱离黄老,受到单独的祭祀,笮融的尊佛就是一例,作为太平道的信众,当然就会因而视信奉浮屠为异端了,破除浮屠祠,从某方面而言之,可被太平道众引为同道,这样,将来无论是与黄巾交战,还是招降黄巾,都将有利。

重申旧令,以遏崇佛之风,这是在与荀彧、张昭等商议过后决定下来的政策。

次日,荀贞即传檄各郡,命郡县执行。檄令到地,浮屠祠毁,出家的汉人被勒令还俗,在徐的胡僧纷纷南下扬州,有的远赴荆州。胡僧多与士人交往,亦有求见荀贞想要加以劝说的,荀贞皆不见,或有固执必欲见荀贞,绝食州府外的,荀贞礼待之,而终不听其说。这些都是后话,不必多讲。

却说荀贞巡罢彭城,由吕县出发,沿泗水东行,百余里,入下邳,乐进、许仲等在郡界迎候,汇入车骑队伍中,乐进前导,复行二三十里,到下邳县。

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