第四十一章 科研重点(2 / 2)

近期重点的第三项是研制火枪管。火枪各部件制造难度最大的,反而是看似简单的枪管。原因主要是枪管不能像火炮一样铸造,而只能通过卷管法、切削法和挤压法生产。但卷管法为手工制作,生产效率奇低,一个熟练的工匠一个月也造不了几根,且制造出来的枪管尺寸不一。而切削法则需要机床,即在枪管坯料上钻一条笔直的孔,然后伸进一根车刀,一点点的拉出膛线。这样生产方式虽然还是慢,但比卷管法快了不少,由于有膛线,子弹的精度也高。至于挤压法除了机床外还需要挤压装置,当前不具备研究条件。故欧阳轩的思路是先用最简单的卷管法生产少量的枪管,下一步再用切削法批量生产枪管。

远期研究重点第一项是规模制作硫酸和硝酸技术。制作硫酸的原料很多,除了山中的硫磺矿外,还可以从铁矿中和煤中收集二氧化硫气体,混入过量的空气、水蒸气后,通入耐腐蚀的铅室,变成稀硫酸。现在山中没有铅矿,但可以用大陶瓷缸来代替铅室。至于硝酸因为有火硝矿,只需要按欧阳轩所写的方法摸索出生产流程和工艺即可。

远期研究重点第二项是烧碱的制作。烧碱制作也很简单,只需硫酸钠与木炭、石灰石在炉中共热。炉中硫酸钠与木炭作用后生成硫化钠和一氧化碳,接着硫化钠与石灰石进行反应,生成碳酸钠和硫化钙,提纯后便可得到烧碱(碳酸钠)。写这项时欧阳轩告诉站在身边的杜大全,山外平原的地下蕴藏着极为丰富的硫酸钠矿,这让杜大全一脸纳闷。但欧阳轩告诉他硫酸钠另外一个名字时,杜大全才恍然大悟:“是了,离横原不远的义兴乡便出产这芒硝,这也是一味中药,价格也极为便宜。”

远期研究重点第三项是火药改良。相比现代火药,黑火药的爆炸威力小多了。在邛州购买到了棉布,再生产出硫酸和硝酸后,便就可以研制烟火药和硝酸甘油等现代火药了。另外就是手雷和炮弹触发技术改良,离不开雷酸汞的制作,这也是研究所需要学习和关注的技术。

远期研究重点第四项十分重要却与工矿业关,而与工程公司有关,这便是棱堡的修筑。以后霹雳军火炮大显神威之后肯定会被人仿制抄袭,如何防备别人的火炮攻击,除了防止技术泄露外还需要有防御手段,而配置火炮的棱堡便是对抗火炮进攻的最好防御。欧阳轩记不得棱堡的具体构造了,他只能画出简易示意图配以原理说明,让工程公司结合实际逐步完善。

术业有专攻。欧阳轩虽然精通化学知识,因为职业的原因,对如矿业开采、枪炮制造等知识虽然也有所涉猎,但多是半知半解,只知晓方向和大概内容。他所讲授的知识还需要不断的试验,才能将现代科学技术移植到这南宋末年,而他事务繁多不可能事事亲力亲为,必须要群策群力发挥众人积极性和聪明才智,为此科研激励机制的完善便非常重要。在军政会议上,欧阳轩又提出了促进科研的建议,除了积极发现挖掘和引进人才外,主要是对研究中作出成果之人予以奖励,重要贡献者视同于军功。重赏之下必有勇夫,也适用于的技术研究领域。

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