第124章君子坦荡荡,小人常戚戚(1 / 2)

范雎到达秦国之后,顺利地取得了秦王的信任,并做了秦国的丞相。而他之所以能够取得秦王的信任,主要是因为两件事情:他帮助秦王制定了夺取天下、问鼎中原的策略——远交近攻;同时也制定了攘外必先安内的策略——打击四贵。

如此,秦昭襄王不仅成为了秦国唯一的权威,也成为秦国政权真正的最高统治者。范雎于是成为秦昭襄王的股肱之臣,引为其心腹。范雎对于秦国的贡献,实在是堪比商鞅。

李斯在《谏逐客书》一书中对范雎有着极高的评价:“昭王得范雎,强公室,杜私门,蚕食诸侯,使秦成帝业。”因而可以说范雎上承秦孝公变法图强之策,下启秦始皇统一帝业之志,对秦国的统一大业有着突出贡献,是秦国的一代名相,其与苏秦、张仪一样,有着非凡的才华。

然而,范雎此时虽然风光无限,能够在秦国呼风唤雨。但是他自己清楚,他所做的一切,实在是不得已而为之。

魏国在秦国“远交近攻”的外交政策和白起大军的无情攻击下,连番丧师失地,让原本是魏人的范雎唏嘘不已。或许,他对于自己已经是无可奈何,因为身不由己,他做了秦国的相国,秦昭襄王对他有知遇之恩,这才是最重要的。所谓食君之禄忠君之事,说的就是此时范雎的选择。

在政治上,白起仿佛是个不谙世事的人。范雎如果选择对付他,则秦国必将失去一个臂助,秦军就再难以所向无敌。而如果不对付他,不但自己的地位会受到威胁,魏国也必将有着亡国之祸。

此时的范雎依然存在感情,虽然他曾在魏国受了那么多的磨难。

这一切,都还得从周赧王三十二年(公元前283年)说起。当时燕国有一名将乐毅,在他的率领下,燕、楚、魏、赵、韩五国的联军,很快就攻破齐国都城临淄,齐国70余座城池被乐毅一举定服,仅剩下即墨和莒两座城池尚未被联军攻破。齐湣王见国破家亡,只能逃亡,后来被楚将淖齿所杀。齐襄王在当时内外交困、岌岌可危的国势下,仓促在莒即位。也是齐国命不该绝,齐将田单竟然在这个关键时刻,力挽狂澜,智摆火牛阵,大败联军。齐国重新夺回失去的土地,重新回复当年的兴旺。当初破灭齐国时,魏国可谓绞尽脑汁,无所不用其极。在齐国国势日强的情形下,魏王自然惧怕齐国会借机报复魏国。于是,魏王遣中大夫须贾出使齐国,议和修好。

须贾当时官居中大夫,而范雎正是其门下的门客。范雎在须贾的门下,就不时显露出谈天说地之能,安邦定国之志。只是在须贾的眼中,他只能作为一般的说客。

此时的范雎,没有任何背景家世,即使再有才能,也难以获取他人的赏识。正是所谓的“千里马常有,而伯乐不常有。”《东周列国志》中有记载说,范雎曾梦想着能够在魏王手下做事,只可惜他空有满腹经纶、经世之志,却因为家贫,而不能自通。《史记》中也说道,范雎无以自资。无奈他只能委身在中大夫须贾门下,做一个寒酸的舍人。

这次须贾出使齐国,将范雎带着在身边,对范雎来说是一次机会。

须贾很顺利地到达齐国都城,并和齐襄王法章见上了面。正所谓“仇人见面分外眼红”,齐国差点就被乐毅带领的五国联军灭掉,而魏国正是其中出力最大的国家之一。齐王新近即位,国仇家恨一起涌上,岂能给予魏国使者以好脸色?

所以在见到了魏国使者之后,齐王当即奚落地说道:“寡人只听说,魏国喜欢在战败时屈辱求和,却不知道这一切都是因为魏王的脸皮很厚。想当年,寡人先王和魏国一同前去讨伐宋国,是何等的亲密无间,如同兄弟一般。可是没有料到,齐国人把魏国人当做兄弟,魏国人竟然和别国共同攻打齐国。寡人猜想,当初魏国帮助燕国攻打齐国时,心底应该是何等的畅快,既攻破了齐国的城池,还害死了寡人的先王,齐国一片断壁残垣、饿殍满地、尸横遍野。好个魏国,见齐国强大起来,又腆着脸来向齐国求和,如此势利小人组成的国家,教寡人何以相信你们呢?”(《史记·范雎蔡泽列传》)

一时之间,须贾无言以对。正所谓“锦上添花易,雪中送炭难”,昔日齐国落难之时,魏国不仅没有拉齐国一把,反而乘人之危落井下石,实在令人感到羞愧。

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