第四十七章 迁界禁海!(1 / 2)

千夫斩 晴了 1443 字 2023-04-01

不说别的,光是老梁家手下这两三千号当海盗的,要么是犯下了案子,要么就是与那官府不对盘,而最多的却是早年从深受那迁界禁海令而愤而遁海为盗的和台湾兵败之后逃亡过来的,后边这两种人至少占了三分之二还多,这也是这段时间梁鹏飞跟留驻在岛上的那些跟随他爷梁承嗣的那些老人口里边知道的消息。

其中有些老人,却是当年从台湾逃出来的,岛上有位九十七岁高龄的老海盗,就是当年从台湾辗转流落到了岛上,而且这么多年来,一直还穿着汉家衣冠。当时梁鹏飞看到这位老人家那苍苍的白发,嘴里边念叨着当年台湾陷落的情景,描绘起因为迁界禁海,使得两岸民生凋零,最后败亡于满清之手的那段悲惨历史,梁鹏飞就不由得悲中从来。

所谓的迁界禁海,是清朝康熙年间的一大暴政,时间大致在顺治末年到康熙二十二年(1683年收复台湾)左右。

由于满清统治者的刻意隐瞒,使得这方面的历史资料相当缺乏,即便有个别涉及也是大多轻描淡写,一笔带过,语焉不详。

不过,梁鹏飞来到了这个时代之后,才明白这项暴政到底给福建、两广和浙江的百姓造成了多么可怕的后果。

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实施这一政策的主要目的是为了从郑氏手里夺回台湾。为孤立台湾,清政府规定沿海30里的居民内迁,片板不准下水。先是在福建沿海实行,后又推广到广东和浙江沿海。清政府划定一个濒海范围(从最初的濒海三十里左右,到后来的四十里、五十里、乃至到二三百里不等),设立界碑,乃至修建界墙,强制处在这个范围内的沿海居民迁移,有敢不迁移的,杀无赦,有敢越界的,也杀无赦。总之,让距离海边三十里到二三百里不等的整个中国东南沿海地区,成为一个无人区。

有史书记载:“广东迁徙沿海居民在康熙元年二月,清廷派科尔坤、介山二大臣巡视海疆,“令滨海民悉徙内地五十里,以绝接济台湾之患。于是麾兵折界,期三日尽夷其地,空其人民”。康熙二年“华大人来巡边界,再迁其民”。“甲寅(康熙三年)春月,续迁番禺、顺德、新会、东莞、香山五县沿海之民”。“初立界犹以为近也,再远之,又再远之,凡三迁而界始定”。

沿海迁界的过程也不象现在的三峡移民那样,先安置好移民的落脚,给予适当的资金补偿,然后再一步步把居民迁移出去,沿海迁界的过程与其说是移民,不如说是一次残酷的驱赶、屠杀和掠夺。

与美国佬驱赶和屠杀印第安人的“西进运动”颇为相似,按照当时人的记载“勒期仅三日,远者未及知,近者知而未信。逾二日,逐骑即至,一时跄踉,富人尽弃其赀,贫人夫荷釜,妻襁儿,携斗米,挟束稿,望门依栖。起江浙,抵闽粤,数千里沃壤捐作蓬蒿,土著尽流移。”

翻成白话,就是限期三天迁移,距离远的人根本来不及知道消息,距离近的人就算知道了消息,也不相信。过了两天,军队骑兵就到,于是富人全部抛弃自己财富,贫穷的人拿着锅子带着妻子儿女,全部流离失所,从江浙到广东、福建,沿海数千里肥沃的土壤全部变成了荒野蓬蒿。

可以想象,就算现代的人从筹划搬家到实施,具体运作准备,也绝对不是三天里就能完成。然而当时中国的沿海居民,就是在这样没有任何预兆准备的情况下,在清廷统治者的淫威逼迫下,迁离故土,凄惨悲苦的情状不问可知。

当时人的描述是“令下即日,挈妻负子载道路,处其居室,放火焚烧,片石不留。民死过半,枕藉道涂。即一二能至内地者,俱无儋石之粮,饿殍已在目前……”

也就是迁的时候,沿海居民就死了超过一半,剩下百分之二十不到的人,就算能够到内地,离饿死也不远了。

迁的同时,就是烧。“稍后,军骑驰射,火箭焚其庐室,民皇皇鸟兽散,火累月不熄。而水军之战舰数千艘亦同时焚,曰:‘无资寇用。’”

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