第三五七章 伐魏决议 二(1 / 2)

战国征途 木林森444 1505 字 2023-04-01

郑国就是付责督造郑国渠的韩国水工在郑国渠建成之后他依然在秦囯担任水令主管秦国的水利工程郑国本是韩国人因为其人善于兴修水利工程曾经到魏国专门考查过鸿沟因此对大梁城附近一带的水利情况也十分了解既然他说可以借鸿沟引黄河水灌攻大梁城那么就不会错到那里去

原來在灭赵之后王剪就己经意识到了秦国的下一个目标就是魏国而大梁城就是秦军必须攻克的一道难关因此王剪也多方收集魏国的资料考虑攻克大梁的计划而王剪也敏锐的发现大梁城周边的河流众多于是就萌生了以水攻大梁的构思这一点和李牧的想法不谋而合也算是英雄所见略同

春秋战国时代是中国古代战争发展的一个重要阶段水火都被应用到了战场上有铭文记载的水攻战术有两次第一次是发生在春秋末期的晋国当时晋国由智、魏、赵、韩四家大世族并立以智氏最强胁迫魏韩两族联军围攻赵氏的封地晋阳(即太原市)但晋阳城池坚不可下智氏便掘开晋水淹沒晋阳大水灌进晋阳之时三族首领站在山头观看智氏得意道:“吾始不知水可以亡人之国也乃今知之矣”

但这句话却引起了魏韩两族的警觉因为魏氏的封地安邑城边有汾水韩氏的封地平阳城边有绛水智氏既然能以水攻晋阳那么以后也可用同样的战术來对付魏韩两族而这时赵氏也快抗不住了于是派人出城暗中与魏韩两族联合三家共灭了智氏不久以后魏韩赵三家进而瓜分了晋国从而也结束了春秋时代进入到战国时期

而这次水淹晋阳也是中国正史记载的最早水攻战术

另一次水攻战术发生在秦昭襄王二十八年(公元前279年)当时秦昭襄王命名将白起举兵伐楚进攻鄢城(今湖北宜城)楚国也调主力军队拒守鄢城白起指挥秦军攻城不下遂于鄢城西筑掘汉水灌城鄢城顿成水泽楚军民溺死者多达数十万鄢、邓等城皆失次年白起又趁胜指挥秦军克郢都楚国被迫东迁从此国势益衰无力再与秦国争雄了

这两个战例都是借助河水之势协助攻城并且都是卓有成效智氏虽然最终被魏韩赵三家所灭但掘晋水攻晋阳在战术上却是成功的而鄢之战则更是一场近乎于完胜的胜利而且这还是秦国在四十年前自己打的这也说明水攻之法确实是一个有效的战术再加上现在秦国又有像郑国这样优秀的水工因此水攻大梁之计也是完全可行的

不过王剪毕竟用兵谨甚又专程去咨询水令郑囯在得到了郑国的答复之后才做出最后的决定今天才向秦王政说出了自己的想法

因此秦王政也一拍桌案道:“好寡人心意己决伐魏之举不可更改”

其他大臣见了齐声像秦王政拜道:“大王决断”

秦王政点了点头道:“昔日我秦国尚未崛起之时曾屡受魏国之欺当时举国上下皆视魏国为心腹大敌后來幸好孝公任商君变法秦国夺取西河之地始得强大如今秦国统一天下的大势将成韩赵匀亡唯有魏国仍在灭亡魏国统一天下就指日可待成败在此一举”

东方六国中秦国人对魏国的感情最为复杂因为在秦魏两国之间确实是恩怨交错此消彼涨也是整个战国时代走势的一个缩影

在战国之初魏国的国力雄厚秦国屡被魏国打击丧失了整个西河之地魏国设置西河郡并派名将吴起坐镇牢牢的厄制住了秦国的东进之路如果不是因为当时魏国的主要进攻方向是南方的楚国而是全力西进秦国确实有亡国之险

后來秦国进行了商鞅变法国力开始强大而魏国因为一系列的战略战术失误又两败于齐国国势大降秦国趁机进攻复夺西河之地从此之后两国的国势此消彼涨秦国愈强成为战国七雄中的头号强囯;而魏国愈弱沦为二流国家仅比燕韩两囯略强而领土也丧失近半

但就在这时魏国出了一个信陵君两度组成五囯合纵联军击败秦军将秦军打得一直退守到函谷关不敢出关迎战魏国也连带着声望大增还收复了大片失地又将领土重新推进到黄河东岸边眼看着魏国的复兴有望但魏安釐王却猜忌信陵君解除了信陵君的兵权将其闲置起來结果信陵君抑郁而终魏国也彻底失去了复兴的希望国势再度下落

而秦国缓过了这一口气之后再度出兵东进夺魏国河东之地设置东郡日渐蚕食魏国的疆土现在魏国己被秦国三面包围灭亡巳是危在旦夕不过正如李斯所说魏国正在秦国腹地将赵韩两地分成两块因此魏国一日不灭赵韩两地就一日不稳秦国就无法再向外扩张一步这一次伐魏之战不仅是秦国统一天下的重要一步同时也将秦魏两国的恩怨做一个彻底的了断

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