第941章 劣币逐良币(1 / 2)

明扬天下 何昊远 1546 字 2023-03-31

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中秋快到了,在遥远的西伯利亚,气温已经降到10度以下,而在南京城,白天还是一派火热。!

老天爷似乎注定不想让秦牧过个舒心的中秋节,倒不是征战在外的将军们打败仗了,而是国内又遇上了一个几乎无解的难题。

这天的朝会上,秦牧正准备宣布一下过节时给百官发点福利,这是历朝惯例,逢年过节时,朝廷总得有所表示,发点东西,以兹鼓励。

户部左侍郎许英杰却先出班奏道:“启奏陛下,根据各地分行上报,各州县劣币逐良币的现象日趋严重,臣无能,苦思无治本之良策,只能上奏朝廷,请陛下与众位大臣合议,以便尽快想出良策来解决这一问题。”

所谓的劣币逐良币,是在这个铸币时代几乎难以避免的一种现象:当那些低于法定重量或者成色的铸币——“劣币”进入流通领域之后,人们就倾向于将那些足值货币——“良币”收藏起来。

最后,良币将被驱逐,逐渐退出流通,市场上流通的就只剩下劣币了。

另外,如果是两种金属货币同为法定货币,比如银币和铜币,朝廷规定一银币兑换十个铜币,但市场上因为供求关系的变动,民间的银与铜的比价不可以总是维持一比十。

当大量银子涌入国内,出现银贱铜贵时,银币就必然被视作“劣币”,铜币则被视作“良币”,人们会倾向于把良币收藏起来,或者把良币熔化成铜,去兑换更多的“劣币”。

这种现象在历朝历代都有出现,是个难以解决的顽疾。许英杰的话一落,朝堂上的百官便不免有些躁动。

秦牧徐徐问道:“许卿,你细细道来。我朝如今出现的劣币逐良币,主要成因何在?”

许英杰执笏躬身拜道:“启奏陛下,如今出现的劣币逐良币之现象,成因是多重的,随着大秦海上贸易量不断增加,每年从海外输入的金银数量迅速增加,而铜产量一直不高,导致市面上银贱铜贵.........”

秦牧忍不住打断他道:“许卿,我大秦发行的铜币不多,只不过是用以辅助流通而已。银贱铜贵当不至于导致严重的问题吧?”

“陛下,这只是其次,最要的原因在于,银质龙币成色足,流通到市面上后,有不法之人便会从银币上磨下一些银屑,只要少磨一些,便不易察觉,依然可当足量银币使用;

而这些不法之徒通过这种手段。积少成多,只要磨一百个龙币,就可以多得出一个龙币的银屑。最后你也磨,我也磨。久而久之,市面上流通的就全是磨损过的银币,百姓拒收,银行收回也是亏损。”

秦牧疑惑地说道:“为了防止此类现象。当初不是在银币边沿压了竖齿了吗?”

“陛下,现在被磨去的,就是这些竖齿。只要一次磨少点。依然难以觉察。”

“那些这边沿的竖齿可不可用铅来代替银?”

“回陛下,臣尝试过,这样不但会增加铸币的成本,而且很难保证铸出来的银币吹时仍有颤音。另外,现在就是两个平面,一样多有磨损。”

秦牧扫了殿中众臣一眼,问道:“诸位大臣可有良策?”

宋部尚书宋应星说道:“陛下,臣建议把边齿铸得更细更短一些,这样不法之徒只要磨去一点,就会很明显,难以再花出去,即便仍有人磨屑,朝廷的损失也能降到最小。”

许英杰答道:“宋尚书所议,下官也想过,这虽然可以减少朝廷一部分损失,但仍是治标不治本之策。”

内阁大臣路振飞说道:“劣币逐良币,是历代都难以杜绝的顽疾,能尽量减少损失已经属不易,要想彻底杜绝,只有全面以纸质龙币代替银质龙币流通,方有可能;

但此事只能循序渐进,若贸然收回所有银币,全面发行纸币,恐怕又会引发信誉危机,臣建议还是先采取宋尚书之策,先尽量减少朝廷的损失,等时机成熟,再逐渐加大纸币的发行量,以代替银币。”

路振飞所言,得到了不少大臣的附议。

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