第706章 众说纷纭(1 / 2)

明扬天下 何昊远 1551 字 2023-03-31

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王夫之与刘宗周在“严以治吏”这个问题上,争得面红耳赤,这表面上看似是一个具体问题,但实际上,涉及到的是要用儒家的“仁德”感化,还是用法家的严刑震慑。。。

本质上是儒、法之争。

加入到争辩的人越来越多,支持刘宗周以仁德引导感化的人占到了多数。

对此,秦牧一点也不意外。

但王夫之虽然势孤,但也不是完全孤立,象谢经纶等人都站在他这边,一起摆事实说道理,一条条地反驳着对手,极力向秦牧推行“宽以养民,严以治吏”的治国思想。

最后竟然杨廷麟也站了出来,为王夫之辩护道:“陛下,王学士提出宽以养民,严以治吏。臣以为亦有其道理。明洪武剥皮充草之酷刑虽不可取,但古之君子,无不是宽以待人,严于律己。为官者变当有此君子之风也!

为民者,纵有奸邪,为祸亦有限。为官者食君之禄,治理一方,责任重大,若贪脏枉法,则祸及一方矣。由此而论,王学士倡议宽以养民,严以治吏,实不为过也。

再者,儒家之修身、持家、治国、平天下,首重于修身。若为官能严守本份,持身清正,何惧律令之严也!”

黄宗羲立即出来说道:“陛下,治乱世方可用重典,如今天下已靖,四海平宁,以严法令,重刑律治国,实不合时宜。

王学士,杨尚书所言,虽不无道理,然只适合用于明末那种朝野纷乱之世,我大秦如今民心思定,吏治清明,再施重典则适得其反矣!

纵观历代。除明初以严刑治吏外,各朝无不以尚宽简,务清净,轻刑罚,薄役赋治世,陛下推崇的文景之治,贞观之治,何曾外乎是?”

刘宗周也说道:“文景、贞观之世,尚宽简,务清净。使国力民生很快恢复,国力大增。然文景之后有七王之乱,贞观之后,有武氏乱国。

再观明初洪武年间,严百官,厚诸王,以剥皮充草之严刑酷律待百官,以分封厚赐待诸王,洪武之后。也终免不了有燕王靖难,以臣代君。此道、法之失,可为前车之鉴,陛下当不可不引以为戒也!”

秦牧也不表态。只和声问道:“刘编修以为当如何避免重蹈汉、唐、明之覆辙?”

刘宗周立即答道:“陛下,凡圣君治世,莫不推行仁义德化,提倡德治。仁政,德主刑辅。为君者当守经用权,律己宽人。以道德感召,以王道使天下士民归心。以礼治定尊卑伦常,定天下次序,唯其如此,天下方可井然有序,士农工商各安其事,国泰民安。”

说去说来,终究又回到了儒、道、法之争。

王夫之对儒家空谈仁义,不重实务是深恶痛绝。

见刘宗周又一味的强调仁义德化,而避于务实,他立即反驳道:“刘编修所言,有失偏颇,就拿明初而言,明太祖定八股,重朱程理学,君臣父子,尊卑长幼、纲理伦常之说甚于历朝,岂不乃有燕王以臣弑君之事?”

“那是明太祖严刑酷法有失仁德。”

“然文景、贞观有失仁德乎?”

“文景、贞观未失仁德,却失之纲常不张。”

激烈的辩论进行到这里,听上去是王夫之落到了下风,但他却依旧自信满满,让人有些不明所以。

只见他一振衣冠,朗声说道:“照刘编修所言,只要施仁德,重纲常,便不会有谋逆之事发生了?”

“然也!”刘宗周大声作答,不避不让。

王夫之谈然一笑问道:“听刘编修所言,并不否认洪朝一朝重纲常,只是失于仁德。”

“然也!”

“然刘编修先前说过,洪武年间,严百官,厚诸王,以剥皮充草之严刑酷律待百官,以分封厚赐待诸王。可见明太祖仁德之薄,乃薄于百官,而非诸王。

其待诸王,可谓是优渥有加,仁至义尽。换而言之,洪武待诸王既讲纲常,又施仁德,然起兵谋逆者,恰恰是燕王,对此,不知刘编修何以自圆其说?”

王夫之这番辩驳,确实精彩之极,竟把大师级的刘宗周驳得哑口无言,一时无以作答。

王夫之以一种胜利者的姿态,抱圆对秦牧一揖,朗朗说道:“陛下,由此可见,施仁德,重纲常,导民向善,此固人君所应奉行之。然光靠仁义道德,纲理伦常,并不足以保社稷安定、百世平宁,是以须施以律令,严然约束,防范于未然也!”

王夫之并没有全然否定儒家,但却更强调法家,以法制厘定一切。

当然,他的中心思想还是“宽以养民,严以治吏”。

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