第303章 以史为鉴(1 / 2)

明扬天下 何昊远 1442 字 2023-03-31

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九江湖口的江面上,千帆云集,墙橹如山;大江南岸,连营十里,旌旗漫漫,人马喧腾。

秦牧这次东征,文臣谋士方面,汇集了司马安、李源、何亮、喻大猷、顾君恩、吴晋锡、宋献策、邵华等二十多人。

武将方面,则有蒙轲、刘猛、苏谨、袁宗第、霍胜、崔锋、向连城、惠登相、金声桓、郝摇旗、韩秀、狄中行、郑四海、胡守亮、郭云龙、侯昌等一大批将领。

算上惠登相与金块桓刚刚来投的六万人马,此次动用的总兵力达到了前所未有的22万,对外号称50万。

目前整个江西湖广腹地留下驻守的兵力已不足5万,可以说此战几乎把兵力抽空了;

幸好此战的目标是江南,有长江便捷的水道,后勤保障非常便捷,无须再征调数十万民夫运送粮草。

而洪承畴的兵力大致相当,也在二十万以上,只多不少。

历史有惊人的相似之处,不由得让人联想到了元末陈友谅与朱元璋的大战,当时陈友谅也是自武昌东下,攻打朱元璋占领的金陵地区;

而计算兵力陈友谅也比朱元璋要多,战舰及武器装备,朱元璋更难及陈友谅,但陈友谅最后却败了。

前车可鉴,岸边的大帐里,数十位文武汇聚于帐中,首先总结的就是陈友谅失败的经验教训,以避免犯同样的错误。

喻大猷侃侃而谈道:“..........陈友谅由上而下,占尽地利,兵力也是朱元璋两倍以上,究其失败的原因,至正二十年闰五月陈友谅第一次东征,利用其强大的水师,直指金陵,战略上没有问题。只是太过轻率大意,朱元璋让陈友谅的旧友康茂才写信向陈友谅诈降,陈友谅竟然轻信为真,以巨舰由大江深入较狭窄的新河,舍舟登岸,舍长用短,乃至此战大败。”

秦牧听得很认真。暗暗记下几个关键词:轻率、诈降、舍长用短、伏击。

接着是何亮说道:“至正二十三年二月,张士诚派兵围攻小明王的最后据点安丰。小明王向朱元璋告急求援。安丰是金陵的屏障,救安丰即是保金陵,朱元璋于三月率兵渡江救援安丰。四月,陈友谅乘朱元璋主力救援安丰,江南空虚之机。以号称60万的水陆大军于十一日围攻洪都,即今天的南昌府;

当时朱元璋在安丰,徐达在攻打庐州,金陵空虚,陈友谅的大军没有顺江而下攻打金陵,而是转入鄱阳湖围攻南昌府,这是战略上重大的失误。

若是陈友谅主力顺流东下直攻金陵。则朱元璋将处于陈、张夹攻、进退失据的不利处境。但陈友谅主力转攻坚固的南昌城,致使数十万大军局处于狭小地域,难以展开;

且又没有派兵扼守江湖要津,置后路于不顾。屯兵坚城之下,苦战三月,师老兵疲,士气低落。同时让朱元璋有时间击退张士诚,从容将徐达从庐州调回。终至陈友谅大败。”

其实就是普通人,事后分析起来跟诸葛亮都差不多。但作为当事者,在错综复杂的战场上,往往一个很细小的因素,就会影响到主帅的决策;

比如事后你觉得陈友谅很蠢,为什么会转去攻打南昌,而不直下金陵。而在当时,可能陈友谅是因为某些因素影响,才会作出这样的决定。

比如事前谁也没料到南昌在几十万大军猛攻下,能支撑三个月之久。谁也没料到张志诚会败得那么快;

站在陈友谅的角度,自己先拿下战略要冲南昌,让张士诚先和朱元璋先拼个两败俱伤,再直下金陵不是很好吗?

作为大军主帅,必须有洞察细微的能力,根据战场的每个细微的变化不断作出正确的调整,才有可能取得胜利,绝不是事后诸葛亮站在一个超然的角度来分析的那么简单;

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