第223章 重设军事体制(1 / 2)

明扬天下 何昊远 1447 字 2023-03-31

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处理完左良玉的事,秦牧神色一整,接着说道:“杨慎,开始吧。”

杨慎起身向秦牧一揖,然后朗声说道:“如今天下战争频发,为了应对即将到来的更高强度的战争,大人拟在军方设立几个部门,分别是总参谋部,总监察部,总装备部,总后勤部。这几个部门将分管我军作战、政治、装备、和后勤等工作,直接向大人负责。

总参谋部将作为在秦大人的领导下,负责组织我军建设和作战指挥的最高军事统率机关。根据大人初步构想,总参谋总将设置以下有司,分别为:作战部,军情部,军训部,装备部,动员部,机要司,测绘司等部司,各司其职。”

三司厅的各人都凝神屏息听着,暂时没有人出声。

杨慎接着说道:“接下来要说的是总参之下各部门的职能,首先是作战部。作战部将作为总参部的核心部门,全军所有的军事命令都将通过作战部下达,是全军战时的总指挥部;军情部主要负责搜集、分析军政情报,其他部门的职能顾名思义相信大家也不难理解。”

“接下来要说的是总监察部,总监察部的职能是为夺取战争的胜利,保证军队的忠诚、以及大人的政策在军队中的贯彻落实,保证全军在思想上与大人保持高度一致,保证军队政治合格和战斗力的提高等。下辖组织部、宣传部、保卫部、联络部、军事检察院、军事法院等部门,将对千户所以上的驻军单位派出佥事,分管军中的政治工作。”

“第三是总后勤部,主要负责全军后勤组织指挥和勤务保障,下设财务部、军需部、军医部、军械部、车船部、物资部等部门,其他的大家大概好理解,在这里要着重说的是医疗部,军医部最要的职能是组织指挥医护人员。战时负责治疗病患,抢救伤员。”

“最后是总装备部,负责全军武器装备的研制、测试定型等工作。”

杨慎把几个部门的情况大至介绍一番后,秦牧严肃地说道:“好了,在坐的各位请畅所欲言,有什么建议及问题可直接提出。”

司马安一直皱着眉头,秦牧话声一落,他立即说道:“大人,历朝历代在统兵权和调兵权上,都会作出明确分割。分权于不同部门,这一点至关重要;

比如宋朝,统兵权掌握在三衙手上,三衙负责军队平日的驻防,训练等事宜。而调兵权掌握在枢密院手中,一切军队调动,作战事宜必须通过枢密院来进行;

再看大明,平日统兵权掌握在五军都督府,调兵权掌握在兵部。五军都督府平日掌兵。而无权调兵;兵部负责战时调遣军队、指挥作战,但平时无权掌兵;

从历朝历代的成例中,不难看出分割调兵权与统兵权的重要性,然而。大人设置的这个军制,属下看不出有对统兵权和调兵权的明确分割,这极为不妥。”

司马安的话可谓是直指核心要害,为了保证军队不出问题。防止将领权力过大,在军事体制方面,中国古代的体制甚至比后世的体制更完备。也更严厉。这种调兵权与统兵权的明确划分就是最好的说明。

拿宋朝的军制来说,平日统兵的将领,包括三衙的主官在内,若是没有枢密院的调令而擅自调动军队,轻者解职,重者处斩。

明朝也基本沿用了这种调兵权和统兵权的划分,而且更加严备,宋朝将全国的军队分统于三个衙门,而朱元璋则将全**队分统于五个都督府,这样最高的统兵将领权力被划分得更小。

这种划分有效地防止了将领专权,威胁到皇帝统治地位。

秦牧当然知道划分统兵权和调兵权的重要性。

但是,他也知道正是由于这种划分,使将领受到了极大的牵制和约束,直接导致的结果是军事上的反应迟缓,突发战争时,往往十分被动,容易错过最佳的战机。

就目前而言,秦牧手下只有十五万军队,而且很快将面临一系列高强度的战争,若是现在就对将领过多的牵制,使军事体制过于硬化,对接下来的战争将极为不利。

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