第4章 公孙丑下(1 / 2)

孟子 孟轲等 1596 字 2023-01-02

孟子曰:“天时不如地利,地利不如人和。三里之城,七里之郭,环而攻之而不胜。夫环而攻之,必有得天时者矣;然而不胜者,是天时不如地利也。城非不高也,池非不深也,兵革非不坚利也,米粟非不多也;委而去之,是地利不如人和也。故曰:域民不以封疆之界,固国不以山谿之险,威天下不以兵革之利。得道者多助,失道者寡助。寡助之至,亲戚畔之;多助之至,天下顺之。以天下之所顺,攻亲戚之所畔;故君子有不战,战必胜矣。”

孟子将朝王,王使人来曰:“寡人如就见者也,有寒疾,不可以风。朝,将视朝,不识可使寡人得见乎?”对曰:“不幸而有疾,不能造朝。”明日,出吊於东郭氏。公孙丑曰:“昔者辞以病,今日吊,或者不可乎?”曰:“昔者疾,今日愈,如之何不吊?”王使人问疾,医来。孟仲子对曰:“昔者有王命,有采薪之忧,不能造朝。今病小愈,趋造於朝,我不识能至否乎?”使数人要於路,曰:“请必无归而造於朝!”不得已而之景丑氏宿焉。景子曰:“内则父子,外则君臣,人之大伦也。父子主恩,君臣主敬。丑见王之敬子也,未见所以敬王也。”

曰:“恶!是何言也!齐人无以仁义与王言者,岂以仁义为不美也?其心曰:‘是何足与言仁义也’云尔,则不敬莫大乎是。我非尧、舜之道,不敢以陈於王前,故齐人莫如我敬王也。”景子曰:“否,非此之谓也。礼曰:‘父召,无诺;君命召,不俟驾。’固将朝也,闻王命而遂不果,宜与夫礼若不相似然。”曰:“岂谓是与?曾子曰:‘晋楚之富,不可及也。彼以其富,我以吾仁;彼以其爵,我以吾义。吾何慊乎哉?’夫岂不义而曾子言之?是或一道也。天下有达尊三:爵一,齿一,德一。朝廷莫如爵,乡党莫如齿,辅世长民莫如德。恶得有其一以慢其二哉?故将大有为之君,必有所不召之臣,欲有谋焉,则就之。其尊德乐道,不如是不足以有为也。故汤之於伊尹,学焉而后臣之,故不劳而王;桓公之於管仲,学焉而后臣之,故不劳而霸。今天下地丑德齐,莫能相尚,无他,好臣其所教,而不好臣其所受教。汤之於伊尹,桓公之於管仲,则不敢召。管仲且犹不可召,而况不为管仲者乎?”陈臻问曰:“前日於齐,王餽兼金一百而不受;於宋,餽七十镒而受;於薛,餽五十镒而受。前日之不受是,则今日之受非也;今日之受是,则前日之不受非也。夫子必居一於此矣。”孟子曰:“皆是也。当在宋也,予将有远行,行者必以赆;辞曰:‘餽赆。’予何为不受?当在薛也,予有戒心;辞曰:‘闻戒,故为兵餽之。’予何为不受?若於齐,则未有处也。无处而餽之,是货之也。焉有君子而可以货取乎?”孟子之平陆,谓其大夫曰:“子之持戟之士,一日而三失伍,则去之否乎?”曰:“不待三。”“然则子之失伍也亦多矣。凶年饥岁,子之民,老羸转於沟壑,壮者散而之四方者,几千人矣。”曰:“此非距心之所得为也。”曰:“今有受人之牛羊而为之牧之者,则必为之求牧与刍矣。求牧与刍而不得,则反诸其人乎?抑亦立而视其死与?”曰:“此则距心之罪也。”他日,见於王曰:“王之为都者,臣知五人焉。知其罪者惟孔距心。”为王诵之。王曰:“此则寡人之罪也。”

孟子谓蚳鼃曰:“子之辞灵丘而请士师,似也,为其可以言也。今既数月矣,未可以言与?”蚳鼃谏於王而不用,致为臣而去。齐人曰:“所以为蚳鼃则善矣,所以自为则吾不知也。”公都子以告。曰:“吾闻之也,有官守者,不得其职则去;有言责者,不得其言则去。我无官守,我无言责也,则吾进退,岂不绰绰然有馀裕哉?”孟子为卿於齐,出吊於滕,王使盖大夫王驩为辅行。王驩朝暮见。反齐滕之路,未尝与之言行事也。公孙丑曰:“齐卿之位,不为小矣。齐滕之路,不为近矣。反之而未尝与言行事,何也?”曰:“夫既或治之,予何言哉?”孟子自齐葬於鲁,反於齐,止於嬴。充虞请曰:“前日不知虞之不肖,使虞敦匠,事严,虞不敢请。今愿窃有请也:木若以美然。”曰:“古者棺椁无度,中古,棺七寸,椁称之。自天子达於庶人,非直为观美也,然后尽於人心。不得,不可以为悦;无财,不可以为悦。得之为有财,古之人皆用之,吾何为独不然?且比化者勿使土亲肤,於人心独无恔乎?吾闻之,君子不以天下俭其亲。”

沈同以其私问曰:“燕可伐与?”孟子曰:“可。子哙不得与人燕,子之不得受燕於子哙。有仕於此,而子悦之,不告於王而私与之吾子之禄爵,夫士也亦无王命而私受之於子,则可乎?何以异於是?”齐人伐燕。或问曰:“劝齐伐燕,有诸?”曰:“未也。沈同问‘燕可伐与’,吾应之曰‘可’。彼然而伐之也。

彼如曰:‘孰可以伐之?’则将应之曰:‘为天吏,则可以伐之。’今有杀人者,或问之曰:‘人可杀与?’则将应之曰:‘可。’彼如曰:‘孰可以杀之?’则将应之曰:‘为士师,则可以杀之。’今以燕伐燕,何为劝之哉?”燕人畔。王曰:“吾甚惭於孟子。”陈贾曰:“王无患焉。王自以为与周公孰仁且智?”王曰:“恶!是何言也?”曰:“周公使管叔监殷,管叔以殷畔。知而使之,是不仁也;不知而使之,是不智也。仁、智,周公未之尽也,而况於王乎?贾请见而解之。”见孟子,问曰:“周公何人也?”曰:“古圣人也。”

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