第六十九章 军工事业(1 / 2)

第三次机遇 月影梧桐 1302 字 2022-05-31

完了新军各部的编整计划,与会众人初觉有些愕然,过来,赞不绝口道:“果然需如此。”

众人正等着王士珍将经费一节随后托出,谁料王总长话锋一转,话题转到了军工生产之上。

“诸位,军无械不利,兵无枪不行,方才讲了20个师,50精兵的安排,倘若没有得力军械的配合,无非是镜花水月、空中楼阁罢了。故而,本部在拟定国防建设计划时,极其注重对军械的配合,甚至军械之重要尤在兵力之上。”王士珍扫视了众人一眼,“以中国之大,人口至多,挑些人当兵总是不成问题,可如果军械得不到保证,这麻烦可就大了。兵召之即来、挥之能去,这械却没有如此方便。”

自鸦片战争以来,中国军械之落后已是人所共知之事实,这个世界上最早发明了火药的文明古国在长达千年的历史中在枪炮上取得的成就微不足道,乃至于国门洞开时那种被动挨打的局面无比难堪。洋务肇兴以来,最高统治者着眼于军械的国产,兴建了一大批兵工企业,仿制西洋兵器,在军械近代化的道路上步履蹒跚地行走着——方向大体正确,但取得的成效与付出的代价和时间似乎不成比例。乃至于过了半个世纪,新军的军械泰半仍然需要进口,仍然需要耗费不菲的白银去换取。

“数十年来,各地励精图治。也陆陆续续兴建了一批军工厂,有的规模宏大,能出枪炮,有地规模较小,能成子药。但本总长今日可以说句实话,这些年的辛劳用八个字概括就可以。”

哪八个字呢?王士珍缓缓说道:“靡费甚巨,成效不显。国防部曾考察过日本的军火工业,起步晚于我国。投入一开始也少于我国。但发展之势头和成效却远胜于我国。到今日。不但自己有余,而且还能向我国出口;不但仿制绝无问题,就是自主研制之械在列国中亦有一席之地。我帝国如果不奋起直追,今后只会越来越差,越来越弱。”

王士珍评论虽然有些令人沮丧,但却是一针见血地指出了问题所在——中日两国在军火工业上差距的形成并不在于日本人有多少聪明或者投入巨大,最根本的是军工企业的体制与经营。

洋务派兴建的军工企业。一直是作为行政体制的附庸而存在,非但其最高主事官员是对技术毫无所知地官僚,而且其管理体系和工作作风亦是高度官僚化地。在这样地体制下,有限的资源要经过三重浪费:第一重,上下其手,贪污舞弊所带来的浪费;第二重,外行指导内行,长官决策。胡乱上马的浪费;第三重。调拨取用,完全不考虑投入产出、不考虑成本利润的浪费。

这三重浪费中,尤其以第三重浪费最为惊人。因为前两者都是看得见、摸得着的恶行,即便彼此心照不宣,也不至于获得合法化的地位。但第三重浪费却是官办机构落后地根源所在——要造什么兵器,要购买什么原材料,兵工厂打一纸文书便要求拨款,造出来的东西好坏姑且不论,花费的银子却不在少数,而在取用时,用械单位同样是一纸文书要求调用,从来不考虑用资金购买。

在这种不考虑盈亏的经营环境中,作为生产者一方的兵工厂怎么会有动力去改进生产技术、加快制造流程、提高产品质量呢?所以造成了根深蒂固的落后。同样生产一杆步枪,国造的质量低劣,价格比进口货还贵,怎么能让部队提得起兴致采购?即便动用国家力量采购,也只能是将有限的资源用于无限地黑洞,自个和自个过不去罢了。纵然有个别天才灵光一现,他地才能与灵感通常也会隐没在无能的运行体制中。

历数了军工制造的种种不尽如人意之处后,王士珍接着阐述了对军工生产加以调整地原则性思路。

“国防部通过前期的调查,特别是在德国籍军事顾问的参议之下,对各厂弊病逐渐清晰,为扭转此不利局面,特制定本纲要。”王士珍掏出《帝国兵工企业三年调整方案》宣读起来:“第一条,汰劣留优,集中力量。洋务以来,各地纷纷兴建兵工厂,前后累计不下十余家,大小不一,能力强弱

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