第四十九章 本位之辩(1 / 2)

第三次机遇 月影梧桐 1947 字 2022-05-31

论从哪个角度来衡量,统一已经显得混乱的帝国币制要而且富有积极意义的,甚至于国际舆论都十分关切帝国的币制改革。

众多列强不论是出于商品输出的需要还是资本输出的需要,都希望中国能有一个完整的、稳定的、包容性强的货币体系,1902的《中英商约》、1903年的《中美商约》都表达++开载明,一旦中国币制实现统一,各国将赞同中国上调海关关税至少50%,即从“逢百抽五”的基准税率提高到抽7.

皇家禁卫军是在清末特殊的形势下组成的宫廷卫队,产生于风起云涌的立宪改良和改革军制的光绪末年。皇家禁卫军是一支地位崇高的特别禁军,其入营、奖惩、编练、编制和独特的军营生活一直十分神秘,令世人神往。

6点

皇家禁卫军是摄政王载沣一手操办组建的皇家卫队,其军中生活自然远在其他军营之上。按照训练大臣奏准的《禁卫军饷章》明文规定:从禁卫军最高指挥官的禁卫军大臣到禁卫军中最低级的军官司书生,都是支领薪水;禁卫军军中各队官以上的武官既领薪水,又领公费饷银;禁卫军中目兵匠夫只是支领饷银。

专司训练的禁卫军大臣每人每月支领的薪水是月银1000。大臣以下是禁卫军各级武官。他们地每月薪水远在训练大臣之下,各有等差:一等军咨官月银250;二等军咨官月银200;三等军咨官月银两,军咨官系训练大臣的辅助官。军咨官下重要的武官便是军械科、军法科、军需科、军医科四科监督,分别是四科的最高长官,他们的月薪是每人月银200,待遇在三等军咨官之上。

禁卫军统帅部在训练大臣、军咨官和四科监督之下还有众多中、低级武官。他们也是等级不同,待遇千差万别:教练官专司训练官兵,地位仅次于三等军咨官,每人每月薪水是月银100;秉承军咨官分任筹办考功、军略、教育、训练诸事务的执事员和四科监督下属地科员以及参军官都是一个级别,待遇相当,都是每人月银80两;一等书械官、副军法官、副军需官、副军医官每人月银60两;军中员、庶务员、乐队队官,每人月银50两。

禁卫军训练处作为军营的统帅部,在执事员之下设5书记员。包括一等、二等、三等书记员,和二等书记员平级的是绘图员、副马医官、马医长,他们是每人月40两;三等书记员设2,待遇远低于二等书记员,每人月银30两;和三等书记员同等待遇的武官包括.:>军械长、军需长、马医长、查马长、乐长、递事员、印刷员。各排排长月银25两;医生是24两;马医生待遇同;司事生是较低级武官,月银每人16两;司书生、印刷手级别月银是12两。

禁卫军各营队统兵军官既领月薪银,又支取公费银,待遇也各有等级:统辖全协的协司令处统领官级别比于一等军咨官。待遇较之一等军咨官更为优厚,支领月薪银250,公费银也是250。统辖全标事务的标本署统带官级别略低于统领官,待遇也稍逊一筹,支领月薪银、公费银每人各200。步队营、马队营、陆路炮队营、工程队营、辎重队营、交通队营、机关炮队营各营最高长官是各营管带官,待遇一样。每人每月支取薪银100。各营管带官在公费银上有很大的差异:炮队营管带官公费银160;步队营、工程队营、辎重队营、交通队营、机关炮队营管带官公费银是140;马队营管带领公费银仅及炮队营管带官的一半,是80两。

禁卫军各营队在管带官之下设有众多中、低级武官,他们地待遇远在统领官、统带官、管带官之下,但比起禁卫军之外的同级别军官,他们的待遇又算十分丰厚,其生活令各军营武官们羡慕:警察队管带官每人每月薪银150,公费银是100;步队营、马队营、陆路炮队营、工程队营、辎重队营、交通队营、机关炮队营各队队官月薪银50,则有些差别——步队营、工程队营、辎重队营、交通队营、机关炮队营队官公费银10两。炮队营队官公费银是14两,马队队官公费银是8。警察队队官每人月薪是银50两,公费银20;各队副官每人月薪银公费银20两;各排排长月薪银25两。公费银6两。

禁卫军各队营管带官、队官、副官、排长之下便是各低级武官和士兵,他们作为禁卫军中的一员,在生活待遇上每月饷银都有具体的规定:步队营、马队营、陆路炮队营、工程队营、辎重队营、交通队营、机关炮队营各营中负责约束各营匠役的匠人首领匠目待遇最高,每人每月支领饷银9两。目的是各营号目各1人,每人月银6两。号目下是正目官,步队营是36人,马队营是16,.:营是

马尾造船厂建于1866年1223,是我国晚清洋务运动产生的第一家机器造船厂,时任总理船政大臣的沈葆,力排阻力,改革旧制,大胆引进欧洲先进的造船技术、设备和工程技术人员,聘请法国人日意格为船政正监督,任用洋人传授造船、造机技艺。1869年。造出了我国第一艘千吨级轮船,

1871年,诞生了我国第一台蒸汽机:882,制造了我国最大吨位铁肋木壳兵船;1889年制造出我国第一艘年,马尾船政经历了从跟洋人学造木壳蒸汽兵轮到1875辞退外籍技师,自行设计建造舰船。实现了自主建造木壳—铁木合构—钢制舰船地质的转变,共制造出大小船

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