第四十一章地方体系(1 / 2)

金圣祖 北宫释藏 1256 字 2022-05-16

完颜璟不只是要对内廷要改革,对于整个金国的行政体系都不是很满意,金国打完颜阿骨打建国起就用部落联盟那一套,在灭辽后又用辽制,在灭宋后经熙宗跟海陵改革后形成了辽宋相杂之制,一直延续至今。

像地方制度金国设有六京制,甚至在有段时期七京共存。

金初接受了辽朝的五京建制,沿袭其号,1138年以其兴起之地为上京会宁府,改原来辽上京临潢府为北京,加上宋朝都城汴京开封府,这时有七京。

不久,削去辽上京临潢府的京号,1153年迁都燕京,又削去上京会宁府的京号,改辽南京析津府为中都大兴府,即为中京。改中京大定府为北京大定府。改宋汴京开封府为南京开封府。重新确立了金五京建制,直至1173年又重新恢复会宁府为上京,直到金覆灭,一直有六京之制。

金初实行五京制,起初是上京、东京、西京、南京、北京,海陵王迁都后是中都、东京、西京、南京、北京。

后来又改为六京,其为上京会宁府(今黑龙江阿城南),东京辽阳府(今辽宁辽阳),北京大定府(今内蒙古宁城县大明镇),西京大同府(今山西大同),中都大兴府(今北京),南京开封府(今河南开封)。

并在各京设有留守司,设留守一员正三品,带本府尹兼本路兵马都总管。

除六京外在地方设有路、府、州、县四级行政机构。金国共有十九个路,分别是上京路、咸平路、东京路、北京路、西京路、中都路、南京路、河北东路、河北西路、山东东路、山东西路、大名府路、河东北路、河东南路、京兆府路、凤翔路、鄜延路、庆原路、临洮路。

各路设兵马都总管府,主管一路兵马,设都总管一员,正三品。副都总管等官。一般的路只设都总管府,主管一路军政。路的治所称府,府设府尹、同知、少尹等官。

金的地方官制较为复杂,以诸京留守司留守带本府府尹兼本路兵马都总管为第一级,诸府府尹兼都总管为第二级,诸府府尹不兼都总管为第三级。

各京路下辖有三十个府,分别为上京会宁府,东京辽阳府,北京的大定府、广宁府、兴中府、临潢府,西京的大同府、德兴府,中都的大兴府,南京的开封府、归德府、河南府,各京所辖为京府。

各路所辖谓之散府,分别有河北中路的河间府,河北西路的真定府、彰德府、中山府,山东东路的益都府、济南府,山东西路的东平府,大名路的大名府,河东北路的太原府,河东南路的平阳府、河中府,京兆路的京兆府,凤翔路的凤翔府、平凉府,鹿延路的延安府,庆原路的庆阳府,临洮路的临洮府,咸平路的咸平府。

各府设府尹一员,正三品。同知一员,正四品。

在各府设有节镇州、防御州、刺史州,全国共有一百五十个州。

节度军镇设有节度使一员从三品,掌镇抚诸军防刺,总判本镇兵马之事,兼本州管内观察使事。

防御州设有防御使一员,从四品。掌防捍不虞、御制盗贼,余同府尹。

刺史州设有刺史一员,正五品。掌同府尹兼治州事。

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