第26章 赈灾大考(1 / 2)

现在天下分裂为六,明清两朝与四大反王各有自己的地盘,各有自己的施政。在这场大灾面前,大家的水平都展露了出来。对于这六家官府来说,此次灾情是一次大考。

毫无疑问,大明考了倒数第一。为了稳住开封、归德的近十万军队和南直隶洪承畴控制下的七万大军,漕米要优先保证军粮。再加上军人家属和南逃官员及家眷所需粮食,崇祯根本不敢留出老百姓的份额。谁知道明年张献忠还肯不肯送粮食呢

在明统区,各地官员甚至还按照惯性照旧征收赋税,百姓饿死者、食人者、流亡者、暴动者不计其数。但几个府的老百姓,就算全都造反,又怎么敌得过十七万明军。

闯军和西军将领多有建议趁机攻击明军的,可是难民成千上万地涌入他们的控制区,以惊人的速度消耗着他们的粮食,过去他们是流寇,只管杀官造反,对百姓能救济则救济,救济不了的话,也没人觉得这是他们的义务。

可是现在,他们是官府,百姓理所当然该归他们救济。而且现在清军在进攻,他们在防守,如果赈济不了灾民,则河南不稳,何以抵挡清军。面临这种情况,他们只能暂缓进攻,先调集物资。

清朝的表现堪堪及格,算是个封建王朝的正常水平,把灾民救济一批,饿死一批,再辅以暴力镇压。因为是战争期间,清朝的表现问题百出,但也能看出,他们是有能力维持一个普通的封建政权的。

闯营和西营辖区的灾情按本时空标准不算严重,就不参评了,曹营和包营的表现,都算得上超水平发挥。曹营有自己的新建的行政队伍,而纳敏夫除接手大巴山、千陇山、商洛山中的一些闯军山寨,得到了少数懂胥吏之道的闯军老兵之外,全靠明朝降官和新考上来的穷秀才。即便如此,纳敏夫在此次赈灾中的表现也不逊于罗汝才。

明末的饥荒的确很严重,但绝没有严重到无可挽救的程度,正相反,但凡是个正常的官府,谁都能遏制饥荒。就拿顺天安民营来说,官还是明朝的官,兵还是明朝的兵,纳敏夫和贺兰也并不比洪承畴和孙传庭更有能力,可是在他们的治下,饥荒就是减轻了。

因为他们敢在陕西全境完全免除赋税,地方官没有征税的考评压力,赈灾效果成了评价政绩的核心标准。在百姓抗租,甚至逼迫大户放粮时,官兵不去镇压,反而官府会派一些小吏来拉偏架,“劝”大户们破财免灾。这当然不可能保证所有人都不饿死,却可以用一点希望将大量的饥民留在家乡,不形成流民潮。老弱依旧会饿死,但青壮能活下不少,挺过灾年之后,恢复生产、恢复人口就都更容易了。

许多农民分到了抛荒土地和被杀官绅土地,变成了小自耕农,收入提高了一些,对于自然灾害的抵御能力也就略强了一些。比如说过去赶上这样的灾年,家里五个孩子都得饿死,现在可能只饿死两个。而且也不是因为彻底断粮被活活饿死的,都是因为吃得太少营养不良,得个风寒就死了。

这个时代的农民没要求什么,想卖儿卖女地凑合活着而已。哪怕官府有一点救济,让他们觉得明天还能吃到点东西,有这一线希望吊着,他们轻易就不会选择造反。

造反总得有个目的,一般都是吃大户。现在大户在官府的勒逼之下放粮出来了,会选择吃大户的人就大大减少。虽然依旧还有,但对于一个封建王朝来说,这也在可控范围之内。

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