第12章 圈地(2 / 2)

孙元化如果不死在太原,因为丢失省城这么大的罪责,崇祯也不会放过他这个光杆司令,横竖他这个官是不能再做了。整个山西都没有明军的主力部队,猛如虎在豫北面对皇太极的主力,多半也完了。洛阳在罗汝才手中,贺兰部又攻入陕西,孙元化除了去当山大王,竟没有别的路可走了。</p>

孙元化自己不想跑,孙远和邓阳就得帮他一把了。死的人已经够多了,再加他一个又有什么用。要是丁启睿,就算他不想死,大家也得劝他死,因为这种废物唯一的利用价值就是献祭了激励士气。而孙元化不同,活孙元化比死孙元化对国家更有用。</p>

“将马祥麟、张凤仪,还有其他抵抗我军战死的将领官绅,都具棺盛殓,葬在城外山上。要立碑,不必写事迹,书名即可。派人搜捕孙元化和韩霖,定要活捉。所有投降官绅都到贡院集合,我明天一早去见他们。征集粮饷骡马之事由新任知府负责,各营兵马不许私掠,不许纵火,无令不得出营,尤其是姜瓖他们这些绿营兵,告诉他们,我可不是陈新甲,有敢违令者,立斩不赦。”</p>

岳讬并不是个仁慈的人,之前带兵入塞时,也是烧杀掳掠毫不犹豫。但他是个理智的人,他很清楚,眼下大清朝已经到了最紧要的关头,必须舍眼前之小利,谋万世之大业。</p>

就在他攻下太原的同时,第一批圈地大概已经开始了。</p>

就在不久前,皇太极下达了圈地的命令。剃发易服可以缓,圈地却不能缓,否则跟着他拼死拼活打天下的将士,还有新加入的两万汉军旗人,都得不到太大的好处,凭什么卖命呢?</p>

皇太极仔细斟酌了一下,圈地是一定要搞的,但是搞的方式要慎重。</p>

首先,圈占所有明朝的皇庄,以及勋贵、太监的庄园,还有晋王、代王等藩王的田产,之前投充在这些地方的土地也不例外。常有人为了逃避赋役,将土地挂靠在某个豪门名下,称为“投充”,但这个制度漏洞往往成为豪门兼并土地的手段。皇太极首先兼并这些土地,把这些土地上的佃户变成农奴,虽然是弊政,但也并不比大明更烂,社会影响会比较小。</p>

其次是圈占抵抗清军被杀的官绅乃至一般自耕农的土地。比如说大运河畔的河间府吴桥县,之前在戊寅之变中被崇祯罢斥归乡的兵部尚书范景文组织乡勇,拼死抵抗清军。阿巴泰破城之后,虽然记着皇太极的叮嘱,没有全面屠杀,但是将所有参与守城的士绅全部杀死,将全体乡勇及其家属掳为奴婢。在直隶各地,还有不少地方抵抗清军,基本上都是照此法处理。这样一来,清军就得到了很多“无主地”。</p>

最后,就是之前清军入关劫掠导致的抛荒土地,还有原主逃荒或死于瘟疫导致的抛荒土地,皇太极将这些土地也全部圈占为旗田。有的土地上面已经有农民在耕种了,但是清军拿出官府的凭证,证明他们不是这些土地的主人,属于“盗耕”,“合理合法”地把他们变成了农奴。</p>

有不少人提出,这些土地太过分散了,应该和京城附近的田主交换土地,把土地都集中到京郊来。但皇太极很清楚,这种换地政策名为交换,实际执行下去就会变成明抢,会导致严重的社会动荡。至于那种直接强占京畿民田的建议,皇太极就更不考虑了。</p>

倒不是皇太极觉得这种事不能做,他连杀人都不在乎,何况抢地。但现在还不是时候,清军刚刚入关,立足未稳,贸然损害太多人的利益,会带来不可知的后果。等到闯、献、曹诸贼俱被削平,天下一统,万里河山都是大清的,这点土地算什么。所以,皇太极给自己的部下们画了一个“将来会圈更多地”的大饼,并且先尝试性地圈一部分土地,满足了旗人的短期需求。</p>

此外,他还默许民人将土地投充旗下,虽然这种投充很快就会变成兼并土地,出现强迫投充的现象,但是和直接圈地相比,这种办法速度较慢,制造的矛盾相对可控,而且还打着“合法”的旗号,在明朝也经常有这种事,不像直接圈地这种明抢的“新颖”方式那样引人注目。</p>

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